"kz´w Imcy§Ä Xocpam\n¡m³ kv{XoIsf {]m]vXcm¡p¶Xpw kv{XoIfpsS cmjv{Sobhpw kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpw BtcmKy]chpamb ]Zhn sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xpw {][m\ Imcy§fmWv. kaql¯nsâ kpØnc hnIk\¯n\v Ch IqSntb Xocq. IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯pI, Ipªp§sf hfÀ¯pI XpS§nb D¯chmZn¯§Ä DÄs¸sS D¸mZ\ {]Xyp¸mZ\ taJeIfn kv{XoIfpsSbpw ]pcpj³amcpsSbpw ]cn]qÀ®amb ]¦mfn¯hpw Iq«mbvabpw A\nhmcyamWv. BtcmKy]chpw AÀ°]qÀWhpamb PohnXw \bn¡p¶Xn kv{XoIÄ¡v {]Xn_ÔamIp¶ A[nImc_豈 At§bäw hyàn]camb taJeIÄ apX XoÀ¯pw s]mXphmb taJeIÄ hsc hym]n¨pInS¡p¶p."

---1994þ sIbvtdmbn \S¶ A´mcmjv{S P\kwJym hnIk\ D¨tImSnbpsS \b{]Jym]\w, JWvUnI \mev.

1952-se C´ym t]m¸ptej³ t{]mPIvSv apX¡mWv tIcf¯n IpSpw_mkq{XW ]²XnIÄ \S¸m¡n¯pS§nbXv. C´ybpsS CXc`mK§fnse¶t]mse tIcf¯nepw kzmX{´ys¯ XpSÀ¶v cmjv{S \nÀamW¯nsâ `mKambpÅ Hcp bÚambmWv IpSpw_mkq{XWhpw hÔywIcWhpw \S¸m¡s¸«Xv. \nb{´nX P\\\nc¡pw sNdnb IpSpw_§fpamWv `mhn C´y¡v A`nhr²n sIm­phcnI F¶ cmPykvt\lt{]cnXamb Nn´bn \n¶mWv hmkIvSan Iym¼pIfnte¡v BfpIÄ F¯nbXv. Ahcn GdnbIqdpw hnZym`ymkapÅhcpw tIm¬{KkpImcpambncp¶p. 1970 þ IfpsS ]IpXn hsc tIcf¯nepw Cu {]hWX XpSÀ¶p. kzX{´ykac¯nse¶t]mse cmjv{S\nÀ½mW¯nepw BWp§Äs¡mcp taÂss¡. AXmbncp¶p Nn´.

1952 apX 1960 hsc tIcf¯n \S¶ hÔywIcW ikv{X{InbIfn 93 iXam\hpw 1961 apX 70 hscbpÅ 10 hÀj§fn sam¯w hÔywIcW¯nsâ 84 iXam\hpw ]pcpj³amcptSXmbncp¶p. 1976 hsc tIcf¯n sam¯w hÔywIcW§fn Syqs_IvSantb¡mÄ IqSpX hmkIvSan Bbncp¶p. 1971 Pqsse amk¯n FdWmIpfw PnÃbn \S¶ hmkIvSan Iym¼n 62,913 ]pcpj³amÀ hÔywIcW¯n\v k¶²cmbn. Cu hnPbw C´ybnse CXc kwØm\§Ä¡p IqSn amXrIbmsW¶v {][m\a{´n CµncmKmÔn A¶v {]IoÀ¯n¨p. "BtcmKy{]iv\§Ä D­mIpsa¶Xn\m ZpÀ_eIfmb kv{XoIsf ikv{X{Inb¡v Abt¡­Xnsöv A¶v ]pcpj³amÀ Nn´n¨ncp¶p. `mcym`À¯m¡³amÀ¡nSbn \S¯nb NÀ¨bpsS ASnØm\¯n Xs¶bmWv A¡me¯v ]pcpj³amÀ hÔywIcW¯n\p t]mbXv" P\kwJym hnZKvZ\mb tUm: kn.Un.tPmbv ]dbp¶p.

F¶m 1970þIfpsS Ahkm\w sXm«nt§m«v tIcf¯n hmkIvSan Iym¼pIfpsSbpw, Iym¼pIfnse¯p¶ BfpIfpsSbpw F®w ASn¡Sn Ipdªphcp¶p. ]Icw Syqs_IvSan kÀPdnIfpw kv{XoIÄ¡p th­nbpÅ aäp hÔywIcW/P\\\nb{´WcoXnIfpw s]cpIn hcp¶p. "IpSpw_mkq{XW ]cn]mSnIfn \n¶v ]pcpj³amÀ ]qÀ®ambpw ]n³amdn¡gn ªp. Ignª Im \qäm­mbn tIcf¯n IpSpw_mkq{XW¯nsâ SmÀPäv kv{XoIÄ am{Xambncp¶p. {]khn¡p¶Xv kv{XoIfmbXn\m {]khw \nÀ¯p¶Xpw AhcpsS am{Xw Imcyambn¯oÀ¶p. IpSpw_mkq{XW¯n ]IpXn D¯chmZn¯w ]pcpj\pap­v F¶v kv{XoIÄ¡pt]mepw tXm¶mXmbn¯pS§nbncn¡p¶p." Xncph\´]pcw kJn hna³kv dnkÀ¨v Bâv s{Sbn\nwKv skâdnsâ ta[mhn Genbm½ hnPb³ ]dbp¶p.

1957 apX 66 hsc 1,15,162 t]cmWv hÔywIcWw \S¯nbXv. Ahcn 88,855 t]À ]pcpj³amcpw 26,307 t]À kv{XoIfpambncp¶p. 1969þ70 hÀj¯n BsI 60,546 t]À ikv{X{Inb \S¯nbt¸mÄ AXn 42,142 ]pcpj³amcpw 18,404 kv{XoIfpamWp­mbncp ¶Xv. 1976 þ 77 hsc CXmbncp¶p icmicn A\p]mXw. B hÀjw hÔywIcW¯ns\¯nb 2,14,395 t]cn 1,29,829 ]pcpj³amcpw 84,566 kv{XoIfpambncp¶p. F¶mÂ, 25 hÀj¯n\ptijw Gähpw HSphnes¯ IW¡pIÄ hcpt¼mÄ tIcfw Hcp]mSv amdnbXmbn¡mWmw.

hÔoIcn¡s¸SpItbm CXc P\\\nb{´W D]m[nIÄ ssIs¡mÅpItbm sN¿p¶ kv{XoIfpsS F®w Hmtcm hÀjhpw IqSn¡qSn h¶p. 2001 þ  kwØm\¯v 1,25,338 Hm¸tdj\pIÄ \S¶ Øm\¯v ]pcpj³amcpsS hmkIvSan Hm¸tdj\pIfpsS F®w 653 am{Xw. AXmbXv IjvSn¨v Ac iXam\w! Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbn 13,183 Syqs_IvSan ikv{X{InbIÄ \S¶t¸mÄ hmkIvSanIÄ aqt¶ aqs¶®w am{Xw. FdWmIpfw, tIm«bw PnÃIfnemWv Gähpw IqSpX ]pcpj³amÀ hÔywIcW¯ns\¯nbXv. 179 Dw 141 Dw. ae¸pd¯v 11,691 kv{XoIÄ hÔoIcn¡s¸«t¸mÄ Ggv ]pcpj³amÀ am{XamWv P\\\nb{´W¯n\v X¿mdmbXv. CSp¡nbn ikv{X{Inb \S¯nb 4,544 t]cn HcmÄ am{XamWv ]pcpj³. P\\\nb{´W¯nsâ aäp cq]§fmb em{]kvtIm¸n, an\nem]v, KÀ`\ntcm[\ KpfnIIÄ, tIm¸À«n XpS§nbhbpw kv{XoIfnemWv \S¸m¡s¸Sp¶Xv. Ch IqSn ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ 2001þ tIcf¯nemsI \S¶ 1,53,415 P\\\nb{´W \S]SnIfn ]pcpj³amcptSXv 653 F®w am{XamWv. AXmbXv 99.7 iXam\t¯mfw kv{XoIÄ. IpSpw_t£a ]cn]mSnIfn tIcfw temtIm¯camXrIbmsW¶v ]dbpt¼mgpw, F´psIm­v C¯csamcp hnShv D­mbn F¶v Bcpw At\zjn¡p¶nÃ. IpSpw_t£a hIp¸nse DbÀ¶ DtZymKس ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv. "BWmbmepw s]®mbmepw IpSpw_mkq{XWw \S¶m aXn F¶mWv kÀ¡mcnsâ \bw. kv{XoIfmIpt¼mÄ {]kh¯nsâ IqsS Syqs_IvSan sN¿mw. AXv kÀ¡mÀ Hcp kuIcyamsbSp¯p. At{XbpÅp".

C§s\ e£yw XnIbv¡m³ kv{XoIfpsS hÔywIcWs¯ t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶ \bamWv kwØm\ kÀ¡mcpw kzoIcn¨Xv. 944 {]mYanI BtcmKy tI{µ§fneqsSbpw 105 I½yqWnän sl¯v skâvdpIfneqsSbpw 5094 k_vskâdpIfneqsSbpamWv tIcf¯n IpSpw_t£a ]²XnIÄ \S¸m¡p¶Xv. {KmaXe¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Pq\nbÀ sl¯v C³kvs]IvSÀamÀ, Pq\nbÀ sl¯v \gvkpamÀ F¶nhcmWv IpSpw_t£a]²XnIfpsS ktµiw P\§Ä¡v hniZoIcn¨p sImSpt¡­Xv. CXn ]pcpj³amÀ¡nSbn \nbpàcmb Pq\nbÀ sl¯v C³kvs]IvSÀamÀ¡v t\cs¯ \nÝnX F®w e£yambn \nÝbn¨ncp¶p. "GgphÀjw ap¼v hÔywIcW¯n\v km¼¯nI t{]mÕml\w \ÂtI­Xnsöv kÀ¡mÀ Xocpam\n¨tXmsS ]pcpj³amsc tXSn¸nSn¨v hmkIvSan Iym¼pIfnse¯n¡p¶ ]Wn sl¯v C³kvs]IvSÀamÀ aXnbm¡n. sl¯v \gvkpamÀ kv{XoIÄ¡nSbn Ct¸mgpw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p­v". tUm: tPmbv ]dbp¶p.

tIcf¯n \S¸m¡nb IpSpw_mkq{XW ]cn]mSnIfn 1970þIfnse hmkIvSan Iym¼pIÄ HgnsIbpÅhsbÃmw kv{XoIsf am{Xw e£yanSp¶hbpw {]khhpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯nbhbpambncp¶p. 1969 þ  XpS§nb tlmkv]nä t]mÌv ]mÀ«w ]cn]mSn amXrinip tI{µ§sfbpw {]khhmÀUpIsfbpw tI{µoIcn¨mWv \S¸m¡s¸«Xv. PnÃmXe¯n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ 22 sshZyØm]\§fnepw A©p saUn¡Â tImtfPpIfnepw \mev h³InS kzImcy Bip]{XnIfnepw {]khhmÀUpIÄ tI{µoIcn¨mWv ]²Xn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. sÌdnssetkj³ s_Uv kvIow F¶ t]cn \S¸m¡nb ]²Xnbpw kv{XoIsf am{Xw e£yanSp¶p. ASnb´nc L«¯n Syq_IvSan Hm¸tdj³ \S¯m³ 25 kzImcy Bip]{XnIfnembn 128 InS¡Ifpw ]¯v PnÃIfnse kÀ¡mÀ Bip]{XnIfnembn 393 InS¡Ifpw CXn\pth­n kÖoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. aq¶mw C´ym t]m¸ptej³ s{]mPIvSnsâ `mKambn temI_m¦nsâ klmbt¯msS \S¡p¶ P\\\nb{´W ]cn]mSnIfpw kv{XoIsf am{Xw e£yanSp¶p.

hmkIvSan kÀPdnIÄ ]cmPbs¸«XmWv ]pcpj³amcpsS ]n³amä¯n\v ImcWambn ]dbp¶ {][m\ ImcWw. ]pcpj hÔoIcW¯n\v temI¯mIam\w {]tbmKn¡p¶ hmkIvSan ikv{X{Inb Gähpw IqSpX ]co£n¨ cmPyamWv C´y. C´ybn aq¶p hÀjw ap¼phsc \S¶ 80 e£w hmkIvSan ikv{X{InbIfn ]Xn\mbnc¯n Xmsg am{XamWv ]cmPbs¸«Xmbn dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿s¸«Xv. Syq_IvSanbpambn X«n¨p t\m¡pt¼mÄ BtcmKy]camb {]XymLmX§fpw tZmj^e§fpw hmkIvSan¡v IpdhmWpXm\pw. Ac Znhks¯ hn{iaw am{Xw BhiyapÅ sNdnsbmcp Hm¸tdj\mWXv. ssewKnI tijnbntem ssewKnI XmÂ]cy¯ntem Hcp amähpap­mIp¶nÃ. "hmkIvSan ikv{X{Inb \S¯p¶bmÄ ASp¯ aq¶p amk¯n\pÅnse BZys¯ 20 kvJe\thfIfn KÀ`\ntcm[\ DdIÄ D]tbmKn¡Wsa¶v IÀi\ambn \nÀt±in¡s¸Sp¶p­v. hmkIvSan ]cmPbs¸«Xmbn dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿s¸«hcn ]ecpw Cu \nÀt±iw ]men¡m¯hcmIWw. C¯cw {]iv\§sfm¶pw ]t£ IrXyambn a\Ênem¡s¸Sp¶nÃ." Xncph\´]pcs¯ ssK\t¡mfPnÌv tUm: ]n. eXnI ]dbp¶p.

AtXkabw, Syq_IvSan aqew kv{XoIÄ A\p`hn¡p¶ BtcmKy{]iv\§Ä Hcn¡epw NÀ¨ sN¿s¸SmdnÃ. c­p {]kht¯msS P\\\nb{´WtaÀs¸Sp¯p¶ icmicn aebmfn kv{Xo 28 hbkn\Iw Xs¶ ]qÀ®ambpw hÔoIcn¡s¸Sp¶psh¶ a\pjymhImi {]iv\amWv Gähpw {][m\w. Iuamc hnhmlw Gähpa[nIw {]m_ey¯nepÅ ae¸pdw t]mepÅ PnÃIfn CXv 22 hbkn\Iw kw`hn¡p¶p. hÔywIcWw \S¯nb kv{XoIfn 75 iXam\¯n\pw Øncambn \SphpthZ\ A\p`hs¸Sp¶Xmbn kn.Un.Fknsâ ]T\§fn sXfnªncn¡p¶p. "hmkIvSansb At]£n¨v k¦oÀ®hpw IqSpX hn{iaw BhiyapÅXpamb kÀPdnbmWv Syqs_IvSan. hÔywIcWw \S¯nb kv{XoIfn PohnXmhkm\w hsc A\p`hs¸Sp¶ \SpthZ\ a\knsâ tXm¶emsW¶v kam[m\n¡pIbmWv kv{XoIÄ. Cu \SpthZ\ tIcf¯nse kv{XoIfpsS \nXyPohnX¯nsâ `mKambn¡gnªp". Genbm½ hnPb³ ]dbp¶p.

IpSpw_t£a kqNnIIfn temI\nehmc¯nte¡pbÀ¶psh¶v ]dbp¶ tIcf¯n IpSpw_mkq{XWw kv{XoIfpsS am{Xw NpaXebmbn amdnbXv F§s\? kv{XoIÄ Xs¶ sXcsªSp¯ hgnbmWnsX¶mWv aq¶p hÀjw ap¼v temImtcmKykwLS\bv¡v \ÂInb dnt¸mÀ«n kÀ¡mÀ A`nam\]qÀÆw ]dbp¶Xv. F¶m IpSpw_¯n\I¯v NÀ¨ sNbvX tijaà X§Ä hÔywIcW¯n\v Xocpam\n¨sX¶v `qcn`mKw kv{XoIfpw ]dbp¶p. {]kht¯mS\p_Ôn¨v Syqs_IvSan sN¿pt¼mÄ kv{XoIfpsS k½X]{Xw hmt§­Xp­v. "{]kh¡nS¡bn \n¶v k½X]{Xw H¸n«p sImSp¡p¶ kv{XoItfmSv ]et¸mgpw kÀPdnbpsS hniZmwi§Ä ]dbmdnÃ. C\n Ip«nIfp­mhnà F¶Xn Ihnªv, X§fpsS icoc¯n F´p kw`hn¡p¶psh¶v t]mepw kv{XoIÄ Adnbp¶nÃ. {]khw t]mse hÔywIcWhpw Hcp imcocnI {]{Inbbmbn amdn¡gnªp", tUm. eXnI ]dbp¶p. P\\\nb{´W \S]SnIÄ ssIs¡m­ IpSpw_§fn 95 iXam\¯nepw `À¯mhv hÔywIcWw \S¯p¶ Imcyw Hcn¡Ât]mepw NÀ¨sN¿s¸Sp¶nsöpw AhÀ ]dbp¶p.

1980 apX 2001 hsc tIcf¯n IpSpw_mkq{XW {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mbn Nnehgn¨Xv 978 tImSn cq]bmWv. 1999þ2000 hÀj¯n 84 tImSn cq]bpw 2000þ2001  57 tImSn cq]bpw 2000þ2002  68 tImSn cq]bpamWv sNehgn¨Xv. CXckwØm\§fnse IW¡pIfpambn XmcXayw sN¿pt¼mÄ CXv sNdnsbmcp XpIbmWv. ASp¯ hÀj§fnte¡pw kÀ¡mÀ hIp¸pIfpw \nehnepÅ kwhn[m\§fpw \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶Xn Ihnª henb ]cn]mSnIsfm¶panÃ. F¶n«pw tIcf¯nse P\kwJym \nb{´Ww kÀ¡mcnsâ {]Xo£Isfbpw IS¯nsh«n apt¶dn. IpSpw_mkq{XW \S]SnIÄ ssIs¡m­ IpSpw_§fpsS F®w 1970þse 15 iXam\¯n \n¶v 1980 BIpt¼mtg¡v 30 iXam\ ambpw 1990 Bbt¸mÄ 55 iXam\ambpw hÀ[n¨p. 2000þmw B­mbt¸mÄ CXv 67 iXam\ ambn. hÔywIcW ikv{X{InbIfpsS F®w 1988 se 67,000 ¯n \n¶v 1998þ 1,39,718 Bbn DbÀ¶p. 2001þ CXv ho­pw 1,53,515 Bbn. 2020þmw BIpt¼mÄ P\kwJybpsS 95 iXam\w IpSpw_§tfbpw P\\\S]SnIfnte¡v F¯n¡pIbmWv e£yw. Cu hfÀ¨ bv¡nSbnemWv ]pcpj³amÀ ]qÀWambpw ]n³amdpIbpw IpSpw_mkq{XWw kv{XoIfptSXv am{Xambn¯ocpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. CXv kmaqlnIhnIk\¯nsâ cPXtcJ Xs¶tbm ?