jaalakam november-december 2003



Irjn-bnse ]pXp-\m-¼p-IÄ

kptc-{µ-\mYv kn.

tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-Icpw Irjnbpw Hcp hgn-¯n-cn-hn-emWv. imkv{XobIrjn F¶ t]cn Ignª Ac\qämWvSv Imew ]n´p-SÀ¶ sIan-¡Â ^manwKv Dt]-£n¨v Irjn-bpsS ssPh-k-ar-²n-bn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-cm-s\m-cp-§p-I-bmWv \nc-h[n IÀj-IÀ. hb-\m-Sv, ImkÀtKm-Uv, CSp-¡n-, Be-¸p-g, ]me-¡mSv, XriqÀ F¶n-§s\ an¡-hmdpw FÃm PnÃ-I-fnepw C¶v ssPh-IÀj-I-k-an-Xn-IÄ DWvSv. Im¸n, Ipcp-ap-fIv, hmg, sX§v, hm\ne, s\Ãv F¶n-§s\ GXmWvSv FÃm hnf-I-fnepw Cu amä-¯nsâ \m¼p-IÄ InfnÀ¯p-h-cp¶p.

ssPh-Irjn (HmÀKm-\nIv ^manwKv) C¶v hyh-Øm-hn-cp-²-cmb Nne ]cn-ØnXnauen-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sStbm, \Ivk-sseäv IÀj-I-cp-sStbm, hntZ-i-^­pw Bi-bhpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p¶ k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sStbm ]co-£-W-hn-jbw AÃ. t\sc-a-dn¨v, ASn-apSn cmk-hn-j-§-fn Ipfn¨p \n¶n-cp¶ \qdp-I-W-¡n\v Irjn-¡m-cmWv kz´w A\p-`-h-§-fnÂ\n¶v ]mT-§Ä DÄs¡m­v ssPh-Irjn Ip«m-bva-IÄ¡v cq]w \ÂIp-¶Xv.

]p¸-Ån-bpsS DZm-l-cWw t\m¡q. hnin-jvS-amb hb-\m-S³ Ipcp-ap-f-Insâ Dev]m-Z\ tI{µ-am-Wn-hnSw. Ipcp-ap-f-In\v taml-hn-e-bn-ep-a-[nIw (Intembv¡v 260 cq]- hsc) In«nb Ime¯v B\sb hmS-I-bvs¡-Sp¯v Im¸n-s¨Sn ]d-s¨-Sp¯v apf-Ip-hÅn \«v ISpw-Irjn sNbvXv em`w sImbvX-h-cmWv Chn-Ss¯ IÀj-I-cn A[nIw t]cpw. BtKm-f-hn-]-Wn-bnse hne-¯-IÀ¨bpw (260 cq]-bn \n¶v 78 cq]-bn-te¡v), Iq¼p-No-bÂ, {ZpX-hm«w F¶o tcmK-§fpw sXm®q-dp-I-fn IpcpapfIpIrjnsb XIÀ¯p. Htc-¡À tXm«-¯n \n¶v 12 Iznâ (1200 Intem) hsc hnf-hp-In-«n-bn-cp-¶Xv GXm\pw hÀj-§ÄsImWvSv 2-3 Iznâ Bbn Ipdªp. Hcp hÀjw cWvSp cWvSc S¬ hnfhpw Ac-t¡mSn cq]-tbmfw BZm-bhpw t\Snb ]me-¯m-Wn-¡Â tPmkv F¶ k¼¶ IÀj-I³ BSp-h-fÀ¯n ]m hnäv D]-Po-h\w tXtSWvS Ah-Ø-bn-se¯n. \nc-h[n IÀj-IÀ Bß-lXy sNbvXp. Iptd sNdp-¸-¡mÀ tImb-¼-¯q-cnse XpWn-an-Ãp-I-fn shdpw 90 ---þ- 100 cq] Znh-k-¡q-en-In-«p¶ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡m³ thWvSn \mSp-hn«p. _m_p \¼q-SIw, tPmkv tIm¡WvSw F¶n-§s\ NneÀ am{Xw cmk-h-fhpw IoS-\m-in-\nbp-amWv a®nsâ ^e-`q-bnjvTn XIÀ¯v Ipcp-ap-f-Ip-Ir-jnsb tcmKm-Xp-c-am-¡n-b-sX¶v Xncn-¨-dnªv ssPh-Ir-jn-co-XnIÄ ]co-£n-¡m³ c­pw Iev]n-¨n-d§n.

]p¸Ån ]©m-b-¯nse amc¸³aqe {Kma-¯nse Adp-\q-tdmfw IÀj-IÀ C¶v ssPh-IÀj-I-cmWv. A©p D]-k-an-Xn-I-fn-embn ]pcp-j-·m-cpsS 22-Dw kv{XoI-fpsS 7þpw kzbw tkhI kwL-§Ä (SHG-Self Help Group) DÅ amc-¸³aqe sslemâv HmÀKm-\nIv ^mÀtagvkv tImþHm¸-td-äohv skmsskän (HICOS) C¶v C´y-bnse C¯cw kan--Xn-I-fn ap³]-´n-bn \nÂIp¶p. amc-¸³aq-e-bnse GXm­v 840 G¡À IrjnØew C¶v ssPh-Ir-jn-ta-J-e-bmbn kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sp¶p.

GI-hn-f-Irjn ssIsh-Snªv k½n-{i-Ir-jn-bn-te¡v aS-§nb amc-¸³aqe-¡mÀ C¶n-hnsS Ipcp-ap-fIv, Im¸n, sX§v, hm\ne, C©n, Ihp§v, I¸, tN¼v, tN\, Im¨nÂ, hmg, ]¨-¡-dn-IÄ, dºÀ, Iip-h­n, PmXn¡, hnhn[Xcw ^e-hr-£-§Ä, Huj-[-s¨-Sn-IÄ F¶n-h-sbms¡ CS-I-eÀ¯n Irjn-sN-¿p¶p. CtXm-sSm¸w BSp-am-Sp-IÄ, tImgn, ]¶n, ]ip, a®nc F¶n-h-sb-sbms¡ hfÀ¯n _tbm-Kymkpw a®n-c-h-fhpw DZv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶p. P´p-¡-fpsS ImjvTw a®n-\p- h-f-ambn \ÂIn, `qan ]Icw\ÂIp¶ ]pÃpw ]¨-bn-e-Ifpw P´p-¡Ä¡v Xoä-bmbn \ÂIn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `£WN{Iw I®n-tNÀ¡p¶p. NmWIw, ]¶n-bpsS ImjvThpw aq{Xhpw, tImgn-bn-d-¨n-bpsS Ah-in-jvS-§Ä FÃp-hfw F¶n-h-sbm-s¡-bmWv amc-¸³aq-e-¡mÀ a®ns\ k¼p-jvS-am-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. cmk-Io-S-\m-in-\n-IÄ¡p ]Icw ths¸-®bpw, {Inkm-´aw, amcn-tKmÄUv XpS-§nb sNSn-I-fpsS \ocpw.

HcÀ°-¯n ssPh-Irjn tIc-f-¯nse ]c-¼-cm-K-X-Ir-jn-co-Xn-I-fn-te¡pw ImÀjn-I-io-e-§-fn-te-¡p-apÅ Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡mWv. F¬]Xp iX-am-\-t¯mfw ImÀjn-tIm-ev]-¶-§fpw B`y-´cþBtKmf It¼m-fs¯ B{i-bn-¨p-\n¡p¶ ‘B{in-X-Irjn’bnÂ\n¶v P\-X-bpsS `£ykpc-£n-X-Xz-¯n\v Du¶Â \ÂIp¶ ‘kzm{i-b-Irjn’bpsS coXn-I-fn-te¡pw kwkvIm-c-¯n-te-¡p-apÅ Xncn-¨p-h-c-hn\v {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶-XmWv tIc-f-¯nse ssPh-Irjn taJ-e-bnse Hcp [mc. kpc-£n-Xhpw ip²-hp-amb `£y-h-kvXp-¡-fpsS hnI-kn-¨p-h-cp¶ BtKmf It¼m-f-s¯-¯s¶ e£yw sh¡p-¶-XmWv ImÀjnIhyh-km-b-¯n-tâ-Xmb (agri-business) cWvSm-as¯ [mc. Ch cWvSpw ]c-kv]c]qc-Itam, AtXm ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-²tam F¶-XmWv ssPh-Ir-jn-ta-J-e-bnse C¶s¯ kwhm-Z-§-fpsS tI{µ-_nµp.

Cu cWvSp [mc-Ifpw {]_-e-am-sW-¶-Xp-sIm-WvSp-Xs¶ ssPh-Irjn taJ-e-bnse kÀ¡m-cn-sâbpw Kth-jWØm]-\-§-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb CS-s]-S-ep-Isf Hcp hn`mKw ssPh-IÀj-IÀ kwi-b-t¯msS ho£n-¡p-t¼mÄ, aäp NneÀ kÀhm-ß\m kzmKXw sN¿p¶p.

"temI hym]mc kwL-S-\bv¡p (WTO) Iognse ImÀjnI hyh-Ø-bn tIc-f-¯nsâ Ib-äp-aXn t\cn-Sm³ t]mIp¶ Gähpw henb `ojWn Ib-äp-a-Xn-bpsS Af-hns\ kw_-Ôn-¨-XÃ, KpW-\n-e-hm-cs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨-XmWv" F¶v lcnXhn¹-h-¯nsâ D]-Úm-Xm-¡-fn-sem-cm-fmb tUm. Fw.Fkv kzman-\m-Ysâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ hnZ-Kv[-kwLw X¿m-dm-¡nb ]T-\-dn-t¸mÀ«v NqWvSn-¡m-«p¶p. Dev]-¶-§-fn-epÅ IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-§Ä, ssatIm-tSm-Ivkn-\p-IÄ, _mIvSo-cn-bm-_m[, A\y-]-ZmÀ°-§Ä aqe-apÅ aen-\o-I-cWw F¶n-h-sb-sbms¡ am\-Z-Þ-am-¡n-bmIpw Ib-äp-a-Xn-bnse KpWkw_-Ôn-bmb \nb-{´-W§Ä (Qualitative Restrictions) \S-¸n-em-¡-s¸-SpI.

C´y-bnse ]¨-¡-dn-bp-ev]-¶-§-fnse aen-\o-I-c-W-§-fpsS kz`m-hhpw Afhpw F{X-bp-s­¶v IWvsS-¯m³ 1999- tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-amb C´y³ ImÀjnI Kth-j-W C³Ìn-äyq«v (IARI) \S-¯nb ]T\w hyà-am-¡n-bXv tIc-f-¯nÂ\n¶p tiJ-cn¨ 72 km¼n-fp-I-fnepw (100 iX-am\w) amen-\y-§-fp-s­¶pw, Ah-bn 52.80 iX-am-\-¯nepw aen-\o-I-c-W-¯nsâ tXmXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb ]cn-[n-¡p-ap-I-fn-emWv F¶p-amWv. Cu ]T\{]Imcw C´y-bnse 16 kwØm-\-§-fn ]¨-¡-dn-bp-ev]-¶-§-fnse amen-\y-¯nsâ Imcy-¯n H¶mw Øm\w Ae-¦-cn-¨Xv \½psS (ssZ-h-¯nsâ ?) kz´w \mSp-X-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p.

ta¸-dª ]T\w \S-¯nb sF.F.BÀ.sF.bpsSbpw aäp ImÀjnI Kth-jWØm]-\-§-fp-sSbpw, kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-I-fp-sSbpw [\-Im-cy-Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS-bp-sams¡ \nc-´ct{]c-W-aqew imkv{Xo-b-Irjn ioen-¨-XmWv ImÀjnI Dev]-¶§sf hnj-en-]vX-am-¡n-b-sX¶ Imcy-¯n C¶mÀ¡pw kwi-b-anÃ. lcnXhn¹-h-¯n-\p-ap-¼p-ff Ime¯v (1961- þ 63) N-P-K hf-§-fpsS aq¶mwtemI icm-icn D]-tbmKw Hcp slIvS-dn\v 2.75 Intem Bbn-cp-¶Xv lcn-X-hn-¹-hm-\-´-c-Im-e¯v (1988 þ -90) 69.47 Intem BbmWv DbÀ¶Xv (2500 iX-am\w hÀ²-\hv) IoS-\m-in-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw 1960 2000 S¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-¶Xv 1985 72,000 S¬ BbmWv IqSnbXv þ 3,600 iX-am\w hÀ²-\hv. F¶m `t£ymÂ]m-Z\w IqSn-btXm? Adp-]Xv Zi-e£w S®n \n¶v (1950 þ -55) 155 Zi-e£w S¬ (1985 þ -90) hsc am{Xw þ shdpw 258 iX-am\w.

lcnXhn¹hw imkv{X-sa-¶-Xn-t\-¡m-tfsd {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ambn amdn-b-Xnsâ BLm-X-§Ä C¶pw \s½ th«-bm-Sp-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ sXfn-hp-I-fmWv ImkÀtKm-«p-\n¶pw, hb-\m-«nÂ\n¶pw, CSp-¡n-bnÂ\n-¶p-sams¡ CS-hn-«n-S-hn«p ]pd-¯p-h-cp¶ IoS-\m-in-\n-IÄ sImWvSpWvSmb A]-I-S-hmÀ¯-IÄ.

"imkv{X-Ú-cpsS Ah-KW\-bmWv tIc-f-¯n ssPh-Irjn hym]n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ apJy XSÊw" F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv aäm-cp-aÃ, tIc-f-kÀ¡mÀ CubnsS XpS-§nb "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn-bpsS Np¡m³ ]nSn-¡p¶ Irjn-h-Ip¸v Ub-c-IvSÀ sI.BÀ. tPymXn-em Xs¶-bmWv. "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn-bpsS Ic-Sp-tc-J-bn At±lw NqWvSn-¡m-«p¶ aäv {]Xn-_-Ô-§Ä Ch-bmWv. (1) \ne-hn-epÅ cmk-km-{µ-amb Irjn-bnÂ\n¶v ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te¡p amdm³ thWvS Ime-Xm-akw, (2) ssPhnI \So hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw aäp ]Ým-¯e kwhn-[m-\-§-fp-sSbpw A`mhw, (3) XpS-¡-Im-e-¯p-WvSm-Im-hp¶ Ipdª hnfhv, (4) B`y-´-c-I-t¼m-f-¯nsâ Ahn-I-kn-Xm-hØ, (5) sNdp-In-S-Ir-jn-¡mÀ¡v (tIc-f-¯nse 74 iX-am\w Irjn-`q-anbpw 2 slIvSÀ Xmsg-bpÅ XpWvSp-`q-an-I-fmWv) BtKm-f-I-t¼m-f-¯n CSn-¨p-I-b-dm-\pÅ Ign-hn-Ãmbva, (6) ssPh-Irjn IqSp-X km¼-¯n-I-em`w \ÂIp-sa-¶Xv A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-bn-«n-Ãm¯ AhØ.

It¼m-f-N-e-\-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-ambn ]²Xn klmbw \ÂInbpw, ssPthm-ev]-¶-§Ä¡v BtKmf/tZiob \ne-hm-c-¯n-epÅ AwKo-Im-c-]-{X-§Ä (kÀ«n-^n-t¡-j³) GÀs¸-Sp-¯nbpw, A\p-tbm-Py-amb {]tbm-K-]-²-Xn-IÄ (package of practices) hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ ImÀjnI Kth-jW Øm]-\-§sf kÖ-am-¡nbpw, It¼m-f-§Ä Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-s¡mWvSp-sams¡ ssPh-Ir-jnsb t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-hm-\pÅ \b-]-c-amb t\XrXzw \ÂIp-I-bmWv "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn-bn kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]¦mbn hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-«p-ÅXv. F¶m BtKmf \ne-hm-c-¯n-epÅ AwKo-Imc]{X-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ {iaw A´m-cmjv{S GP³kn-IÄ tIc-f-¯nse Irjnsb \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ]pXnb X{´-ambn amdptam F¶ `bw \nc-h[n ssPh-IÀj-IÀ¡p­v. IÀj-I-cpsS Iq«m-bva-IÄ kzbw am\-Z-Þ-§Ä cq]o-I-cn¨v, \njvIÀj-tbmsS \S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw, AwKo-Imc]{X-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ coXn tIc-f-¯n\p ]pd¯v ]e kwØm-\-§-fn-sebpw IÀj-I-kw-L-S-\-IÄ \S-¸n-em-¡n-¯p-S-§n-bn-«p-WvsS-¦nepw Cu Zni-bn-epÅ hnI-k\ km²yX "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn-bpsS Ic-Sp-tc-J-bn-enÃ. _lp-`q-cn-]-£-wh-cp¶ sNdp-InSIÀj-Isc (tIc-f-¯nse icm-icn ssIh-i-`qan 0.36 slIvSdpw, Irjn`qan 0.18 slIvSdpw am{X-amWv) h³InS/BtKmf Ip¯-I-I-¼-\n-IÄ¡p-th-­n-bpÅ IcmÀIrjn-¡mcm¡n amäp-I-bmtWm "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn-bpsS KqV-]-²Xn F¶p-hsc kwi-bn-¡p-¶-h-cp­v. ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS kakvX taJ-e-I-sfbpw \nb-{´n-¡p¶ ]pXn-sbmcp kmt¦-XnI Øm]\w krjvSn-s¨-Sp¯v AXnsâ A[n-]-cmbn Nne _yqtdm-{Im-äp-IÄ hmgp-¶-Xn HXp-§ptam kÀ¡m-dnsâ "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²Xn F¶ `bhpw AØm-\-¯Ã.

ssPh-Irjn taJ-e-I-fn cmk-h-f-§-fp-sSbpw IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw hnev]-\- \n-tcm-[n-¡pI, Ahbv¡p \ÂIn-h-cp¶ k_vknUn FSp-¯p-I-fªv ssPh-IÀj-IÀ¡v thWvS [\-k-lmbw e`y-am-¡pI XpS§n IoS-\m-in-\n-hy-h-km-bs¯ Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ \nc-h[n \S-]-Sn-IÄ ssIs¡m-WvSp-thWw kÀ¡m-cn\v Cu \bw \S-¸m-¡m³.

Dev]-¶-§Ä kw`-cn-¨p-sh-¡m\pw, aqey-hÀ²nX Dev]-§-fm-¡n-am-äm-\p-apÅ Øe-ku-I-cyhpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw aäp-aÅ Dev]m-Z-I-cpsS I¼-\n-IÄhgn "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²Xn \S-¸m-¡p-I-bmWv kÀ¡mÀ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-«p-ÅXv. KÔIime, Poc-I-ime XpS-§nb kpKÔs\Âhn-¯p-I-fnepw, kpK-Ô-{Z-hy-§-fnepw, Ing-§p-hn-f-I-fn-ep-am-bn-cn¡pw XpS-¡-¯nse Du¶Â. hb-\mSv, CSp¡n PnÃ-I-sf-sb-¦nepw kpc-£nX `t£ymÂ]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-I-fm¡n amäp-I-bmWv e£yw. Sqdnkw, h\w, Irjn, hyh-kmbw, XpS-§nb kÀ¡mÀ hIp-¸p-I-fpsS H¶p tNÀ¶pÅ {]hÀ¯\w hn`m-h\w sN¿p¶ ]²-Xn¡v Ct¡mþSqdnkw {Kq¸p-I-fp-sSbpw, Nne ¹mtâ-j-\p-I-fp-sSbpw, tIm¬s^U-td-j³ Hm^v C´y³ C³U-kv{So-knsâ sIm¨n. LS-I-¯n-sâbpw ]n´pW BÀPn-¡m³ CXn-\Iw Ign-ªn-«p­v. ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w \mSv F¶ apJ-ap-{Z-tbm-sSm¸w ip²-`-£Ww e`n-¡p¶ \mSv F¶p IqSn Iq«n-t¨À¡m-\m-bm-ep-WvSm-Ip¶ t\«-§Ä Btcm-Ky-hn-t\mZk©m-c-¯nsâ hàm-¡-sf-¦nepw Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-«pWvSv. "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²Xn Irjn-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-am-{X-aà hyh-km-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-IqSn amdn-¨n-´n-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-sa-¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-WnXv.

‘kÀ¡mÀ Imcy-§Ä apd-t]mse \S-¡s«, kz´w {]b-Xv\-§Ä XpS-cp-I-Xs¶ thWw’ F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv amc-¸³aqe-bnse \nc-h-[n- IÀj-IÀ¡v C¶pWvSv. {]Xn-_-Ô-§sf IÀj-I-cpsS Iq«m-bva-bn-eqsS t\cn-Sm-\pÅ shÃp-hn-fn-bmWv Chn-S-¯p-ImÀ Gsä-Sp-¯Xv. ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-Im-e¯v Ch-cn ]ecpw I¶p-Im-en-Isf hfÀ¯n ]nSn-¨p-\n¶p. NmWIw hf-am¡n, AXn \n¶p _tbm-Ky-kp-­m¡n ASp-¸p-I-¯n¨v hnd-In-\p-th­n acw sh«p-¶Xp Ipd¨p. Hä-s¸« hb-ep-I-fn am{Xw ssPh-Irjn GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-bm-epWvSm-Im-hp¶ Xncn-¨Sn Hgn-hm-¡m³ ASp-¯-Sp¯ ho«p-Imsc kwL-Sn-¸n¨p. GI-hn-f-t¯m-«-§-fpsS km¼-¯nI Ac-£n-Xm-hØ t\cn-Sm³ an{inX hnf-I-fn-te-¡p-amdn. Dev]-¶-§-fnÂ\n¶pÅ BZm-b-¯nsâ hen-sbmcp hnlnXw CS-\n-e-¡mÀ X«n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡m³ kl-I-cW kwL-§-fp-WvSm¡n. BtKmf hn]-Wntb B{i-b-apÅq F¶ kao-]\w amäm³ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn BgvN-¨-´-IÄ GÀs¸-Sp¯n. (Ch-bn Xs¶ ssPthm¸-¶-§Ä¡v 20þ-25 iX-am\w DbÀ¶ hne e`y-am¡n.) sF.Fw.H I¬t{SmÄ F¶ kÀ«n-^n-t¡-j³ Øm\-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v AwKo-Imc]{X-§Ä. e`yam-¡p¶ {]{Inb XpS-§n-h¨p. hyàn-K-X-amb kÀ«n-^n-t¡-j\p]Icw, {]mtZ-inI Iq«m-bva-¡pÅ AwKo-Imc]{X-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯-W-sa¶ Bhiyw {]N-cn-¸n¨p.

k¶² kwL-§-fp-sSbpw kl-I-W-{]-Øm-\-¯n-sâbpw ap³ssI-bn sNdp-InS IÀj-IÀ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯ C¯cw t\«-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ "ssPh-tI-cfw' ]²-Xn¡p Ign-bptam? AtXm Irjn-bp-sSbpw ssPh-Irjn {]Øm-\-¯n-sâbpw ssPhn-IX \in-¸n¨v Ahsb BtKmfþtZiob I¼-\n-I-fp-sSbpw imkv{X-km-t¦-XnI Øm\-]-§-fp-sSbpw B[n-]-Xy-¯n³Iogn Xf-¨n-Sptam F¶ tNmZy-amWv Gsd-¡mew ap¼p-Xs¶ tIc-f-¯n ssPh-Ir-jn-ta-J-e-bn {]hÀ¯n¨p XpS-§n-b-hÀ D¶-bn-¡p-¶Xv.
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