C´ymþ]mIv _Ôw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn hntZ-i-Im-cy-a{´n biz-´vknMv HtÎm-_À 22\v Hcp Uk³ \nÀt±-i-§Ä apt¶m-«p-h-bv¡p-I-bp-­mbn. Imcyw \nÊm-c-am-sW-¦nepw, ]m¡n-Øm³ Hcm-gvN-¡mew Ccp-¶m-tem-Nn-¨-ti-j-amWp {]Xn-I-cn-¨Xv. C´y-bpsS \nÀt±-i-§-fn NneXp kzoI-cn¨pw aäp Nne-Xn¶p _ZÂ\nÀt±-i-§Ä D¶-bn-¨p-ap-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p ]m¡n-Ømsâ {]Xn-I-cWw.

C´ybv¡pw ]m¡n-Øm-\p-an-S-bn ]c-kv]-c-hn-izmkw hfÀ¯m-s\¶ \ne-bv¡mWv C´y Cu \nÀt±-i-§Ä D¶-bn-¨Xv. AXp \Ã-Xm-sW-¶-Xn kwi-b-anÃ. ]m¡n-Øm³ P·w-sIm-­Xp apX C´y-bvs¡-Xn-cmb Ahn-izm-k-¯n-sâbpw hntZz-j-¯n-tâ-bp-amb Hc-´-co-£-¯n-emWp Ign-bp-¶Xv. Imew sNÃp-t´mdpw B Ahn-izm-khpw hntZz-jhpw hÀ[n-¡p-¶-X-ÃmsX Ipd-bp¶ e£-W-an-Ã-Xm\pw. ]m¡n-Øm-\nse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Cu Ahn-izm-khpw hntZz-jhpw \ne-\nÀt¯-­Xv Hcm-h-iy-amWv. ImcWw, AXv Ah-cpsS \ne-\n-ev]n-tâ-Xmb Hcp {]iv\-amWv.

Hmtcm cmPy-¯n\pw Hcp tZio-b-hn-Im-c-ap-­m-bn-cn¡pw; Bcm-[y-cmb Ipsd CXn-lm-k-]p-cp-j-·m-cp-­m-bn-cn¡pw; X\-Xm-sbmcp ]mc-¼-cy-ap-­m-bn-cn¡pw. CsXÃmw tNÀ¶p-­m-Ip¶ kwkvIm-c-amWv Hcp cmPy-¯nsâ sFIy-¯n-¶m-[mcw. F¶m ]m¡n-Øm\v CsXm-¶p-anÃ. AhÀs¡mcp thcnÃ; cq]-anÃ; Bßm-hp-anÃ. ]m¡n-kvXm-t\m-sSm¸w cq]w-sIm­ ]pXnb cmPy-amWv C{km-tbÂ. AhÀ¡p X\-Xm-b -a-X-ap­v; `mj-bp­v; ss]Xr-I-ap­v; Ch-bvs¡Ãmw B[m-c-am-sbmcp Bßm-hp-IqSn D­m-Im-\mWv AhÀ Pdp-kew I¿-S-¡n-bXv. AtXmsS AhÀ Hcp cmjv{S-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. ]m¡n-Ømsâ ØnXn t\sc-a-dn-¨mWv. AhÀ¡p s]mXp-hm-bn-s«m-¶p-anÃ. AXp-sIm-­mWp ]m¡n-Øm³ cq]w-sIm­p ImÂ\q-äm­p Ign-bp-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼p ]qÀh-]m-¡n-Øm³ ASÀ¶p-t]m-bXv. knÔp-\-Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-tI-{µ-§Ä ]m¡n-Øm-\n-em-sW-¶Xp icn-Xs¶. ]t£ Hcp ]m¡n-Øm³Im-c¶pw AXn A`n-am\w sImÅm-\m-hnÃ. ImcWw, kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn, AXp-ambn CW-§n-t¨-cm³ AhÀ¡m-hnÃ.

thcn-Ãm¯ Cu AkvXnXzw ]m¡n-Ømsâ \ne-\nÂ]n-s\mcp `oj-Wn-bmWv. AXn-\m \ne-\n-ev]n-s¶mcp \ymbo-I-cWw ]m¡n-kvXm³ Is­-t¯-­-Xp­v. AXn-¶-hÀ Is­-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv C´y-tbm-SpÅ hntcm[w. No\-bp-sSbpw Ata-cn-¡-bp-sSbpw {_n«-sâbpw \n£n-]vX-Xm-ev]-cy-§Ä¡v CXv A\p-Kp-W-am-I-bm Ah-c-Xns\ \nc-´cw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw t]mjn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. aäp-Å-hÀ AWzm-bp-[-ti-jn-bmÀPn-¡p-¶-Xns\ ]Ãpw \J-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨p sNdp-¯p-h-cp¶ h³i-àn-IÄXs¶ ]m¡n-Øms\ AWzm-bp-[-i-àn-I-fm¡n hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¯p-sh-t¶mÀ¯mÂ, AhÀ¡o Imcy-¯n-epÅ \n£n-]vX-Xm-ev]-cy-¯nsâ hniz-cq]w hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ignbpw.

C´ym-hn-tcm[w ]m¡n-Ømsâ P·-kz-`m-h-amWv; AXp ssIhn-s«mcp \ne-\nev]v AhÀ¡p km[y-aÃ. ]m¡n-Øm³ {ian-¨mÂXs¶ h³In-S-i-àn-IÄ AXn-¶-\p-h-Zn-¡n-sÃ-¶Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bp-amWv. F¦nepw bmYmÀ°y-§-tfmSp s]mcp-¯-s¸«p Pohn-¡p-I-am-{Xta C´ybv¡p t]mwh-gn-bm-bpÅq. AXn-\m ]m¡n-Øm-\p-am-bpÅ _Ôw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ GsXmcp {iahpw kzmK-XmÀl-amWv. ^e-ap-­m-bmepw CsÃ-¦nepw icn; BßmÀ°-amb {iaw \S-¯p-¶Xv C´ybv¡p KpW-I-c-am-Ip-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. F¶m Ct¸mÄ \S-¡p-¶Xv AsXm-¶p-aÃ; shdpw thj-amWv.

C´ymþ]mIv_Ôw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v C´ybv¡p hà \nÀt±-i-§fpw D¶-bn-¡m-\p-­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, AXp sNt¿-­Xp \b-X-{´-amÀK-§-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp¶p. {]kw-K-a-WvU-]-§-fn-eq-sSbpw ]{X-k-t½-f-\-§-fn-eq-sSbpw cmPy-§Ä¡p ]c-kv]cw kwkm-cn-¡m-\m-hnÃ. F¶m C´y Ct¸mÄ sN¿p-¶Xv AXmWv. ]m¡n-Øm-\nÂ\n-¶p-­m-Ip¶ {]Xn-I-c-Whpw AtX Xc-¯n-em-Ip-¶Xv At¸mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-amWv.

Ccp-cm-Py-§fpw X½n-epÅ kvt]mÀSvkv_Ôw ]p\:-Øm-]n-X-am-¡pI, Xe-Øm-\-\-K-c-§Ä¡p ]pd¯p hnhn-[-\-K-c-§-fn hnk-Iym-¼p-IÄ Bcw-`n-¡pI, hr²-P-\-§Ä¡p ImÂ\-S-bmbn AXnÀ¯n-I-S-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡pI, Ccp-cm-Py-§-fp-sSbpw tImÌvKmÀUp-IÄ X½n _Ôw Øm]n-¡pI F¶o \nÀt±-i-§Ä ]m¡n-kvXm³ kzoI-cn-¨n-«p­v. aäp \nÀt±-i-§-fn Hs¶m-gn-s¨-Ãm-än\pw ]m¡n-kvXm³ Nne t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ \nÀt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bmWv.

C´y-bpsS \nÀt±-i-§-fn Gähpw {][m-\-am-bXp {io\-K-dnÂ\n¶p ]m¡-[o-\-Im-ivao-cnsâ Xe-Øm-\-amb apkm-^-dm-_m-Zn-te-¡pÅ tdmUv KXm-K-X-¯n-¶mbn ho­pw Xpd-¶p-sIm-Sp-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p. Imivao-cnse \nb-{´-W-tc-J-bv¡-¸p-d¯pw C¸p-d-¯p-apÅ Imivao-cn-IÄ¡p ]c-kv]-c-_Ôw ]peÀ¯m³ Ah-k-c-ap-­m-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p¶ H¶m-WnXv. ]t£, ]m¡n-kvXm³ CXp Xnc-kvI-cn-¨n-«n-sÃ-¦nepw Akm-[y-amb hyh-Ø-IÄ D¶-bn¨p ^e-¯n AXns\ \njv^-e-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv. Imivao-cnÂ\n¶p ]m¡-[o-\-Im-ivao-cn-te¡pw Xncn-¨p-apÅ bm{X-IÄ¡p-th­n hcp¶ A[n-Im-c-]{Xw \ÂIm³ sFIy-cm-{ã-k-an-Xnsb Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯-W-sa-¶-XmWp ]mIv \nÀt±iw. auen-I-ambn ]d-ªm C´ybv¡v CXn Akzo-Im-cy-am-bn-s«m-¶p-anÃ. ]t£ C´y-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-\-b-¯n\v CXp IS-I-hn-cp-²-am-bn-¯ocpw. ImivaoÀ Imcy-¯n Hcp aq¶mw-I£n CS-s]-Sm³ ]mSn-sÃ-¶mWv 1971 C´ybpw ]m¡n-kvXm\pw X½n-ep-­m-¡nb knwe-I-cm-dn hyhØ sNbvXn-«p-ÅXv. hnk \ÂIm-\pÅ A[n-Imcw sFIy-cm-{ã-k-an-Xnsb Gev]n-¡pI F¶-Xn-\À°w Hcp aq¶mw-I-£nsb CS-s]-Sp-hn-¡pI F¶-XmWv. knwem-I-cm-dns\ apdpsI ]nSn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ C´ybv¡v AXn-¶-\p-h-Zn-¡m-\m-hnÃ.

{io\-KÀþapkm-^-dm-_mZv KXm-K-X-\nÀt±iw ]m¡n-kvXm³ \ncm-I-cn-¨Xv HcÀ°-¯n C´ybv¡p alm-`m-Ky-am-sb¶p ]d-tb-­n-hcpw. C´y³ \nÀt±iw AtX-]Sn ]m¡n-kvXm³ kzoI-cn-¨p-sh¶p Icp-XpI. C´ysb hÃm-s¯mcp sIWn-bn s]Sp-¯-em-Ip-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. ImcWw Aln-X-I-c-amb ]eXpw kzoI-cn-¡m³ C´y AtXmsS \nÀº-²-am-Ip-am-bn-cp¶p. Imivao-cnse lqdn-bXv t\Xm-¡sf ]m¡n-kvXm³ kµÀin-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡n-sÃ-¶-XmWv C´y-bpsS {]Jym-]n-X-\bw. {io\-KÀþapkm-^-dm-_mZv KXm-KXw Bcw-`n-¨m F´p-]-d-ªmWv lqdn-bXv t\Xm-¡sf XS-bpI; ]m¡-[o-\-Im-ivao-cnse Xo{h-hm-Zn-IÄ C´y-bn IS-¶p-hn-e-kp-¶-Xns\ F§-s\-bmWp XS-bpI? C¯-c-¯n ]e {]iv\-§fpw At¸mÄ DbÀ¶p-h-cp-am-bn-cp¶p. `mKyw-sIm-­p-am-{X-amWp ]m¡n-kvXm³ C´y³ \nÀt±iw Xnc-kvI-cn-¨Xv.

]nW-§n-¡-gn-bp¶ cmPy-§Ä¡n-S-bn-epÅ _Ôw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯m³ bYmÀ°-ambpw B{K-ln-¡p-¶p-s­-¦n AXn-\p-th­ {iaw \S-t¡-­Xv AWn-b-d-bn-emWv. C´y Ct¸mÄ D¶-bn¨ ]{´­p \nÀt±-i-§Ä, AWn-b-d-h-gn-¡mWp \S-¶n-cp-¶-sX-¦n F´p-kw-`-hn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Btem-Nn-¡p-¶Xp ck-I-c-amWv. Ch-bn an¡ \nÀt±-i-§fpw ]m¡n-kvXm³ kzoI-cn-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p; _m¡n-bp-Å-h-bn Nne-Xn\p t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ \nÀt±-in-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p. C´ybv¡v B t`Z-KXn kzoIm-cy-am-sW-¦nÂ, AX-\p-k-cn¨p Imcyw Xocp-am-\n-¡m-am-bn-cp¶p. C´ybv¡pw ]m¡n-kvXm\pw kzoIm-cy-a-Ãm¯ \nÀt±-i-§Ä Hgn-hm-¡n-s¡m­p kwbp-à-am-sbmcp {]Jym-]\w \S-¯m-am-bn-cp¶p. At¸mÄ BÀ¡pw £oW-anÃ; FÃm-hcpw Pbn¡pw.

Ct¸mÄ kw`-hn-¨Xv AXÃ. temI-k-a£w X§sf ]cn-lm-ky-cm-¡m-\mWv C´y Cu \nÀt±-i-§Ä D¶-bn-¡p-¶-sX¶p ]m¡n-kvXm³ Icp-Xp¶p. AXp-sIm­v C´ysb ""{]Xn""bm¡m³ ]mI-¯n-\pÅ _Z \nÀt±-i-§Ä ]m¡n-kvXm³ D¶-bn-¡p¶p.^ew? sshcmKyw Aev]w IqSn aq¡p-¶p-sh-¶p-am{Xw

\à Imcy-§-fn-seÃmw C´y Gähpw ]n¶-Wn-bn InS-¡p¶ cmPy-§-fn-sem-¶m-sW-¶mWp am\-hn-I-kq-NnI (Human Development Index) hyà-am-¡p¶p. AtX-k-abw No¯ Imcy-§-fn ap³]-´n-bn \n¡p¶ cmPy-§-fn-sem-¶mWv C´y-sb¶p {Sm³kv]m-c³kn CâÀ\m-j-W-ensâ Agn-aXn kqNnI ImWn-¡p¶p. Cu Agn-aXn ]c-¼-c-I-fn Gähpw HSp-hn-e-t¯-XmWp ap{Z-]-{X-sh-«n¸v. ]­p \S¶ Hml-cn-Ipw-`-tIm-Ww-t]m-se-bpÅ AXn-`o-a-am-sbmcp sh«n-¸m-WnXv. Ignª ]¯p-sIm-Ã-¯n-¶n-S-bn 32,000 tImSn cq]-bpsS X«n¸p \S-¶n-«p-s­¶v A[n-Ir-XÀ Xs¶ k½-Xn-¡p¶p. AXn-ep-sa-{Xtbm `oa-amWv X«n-¸n-epÄs¸« kwJy-sb-¶mWv A\u-tZym-Kn-I-tI-{µ-§Ä ]d-bp-¶Xv. X«n-¸p-ImÀ¡p ]pdsa Ah-cpsS kwc-£-I-cmb c­p Fw.FÂ.F. amÀ, Nne s]meokv ta[m-hn-amÀ F¶n-hcpw CXn-¶Iw AdÌp sN¿-s¸-«n-«p­v. aäp h³InS Agn-a-Xn-I-fnÂ\n¶v Cu ap{Z-]-{X-X-«n-¸n-¶pÅ {]tXy-I-X-IÄ c­mWv. (1) km[m-c-W-¡m-cpsS hb-ä-¯-Sn-¡p¶ H¶Ã CXv (2) DbÀ¶ s]meokv DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀXs¶ DÄs¸-s«mcp X«n-¸m-WnXv. AXn-te¡p {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v Cu X«n-¸nsâ hniz-cq-]-sam¶p ad-\o¡n ImWn-t¡-­-Xp­v.

C´y-bn F´n-S-]mSp \S-¯-W-sa-¦nepw AXp ap{Z-]{Xw aptJ-\-bm-IWw. A©p-skâp `qan hm§-W-sa-¦n AXp ap{Z-]-{X-¯n FgpXn cPn-ÌÀ sN¿Ww. Hcp-e£w cq] hne-bpÅ `qan-bm-sW-¦n ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bpsS ap{Z-]-{X-¯n FgpXn cPn-ÌÀsN-t¿-­-Xp­v. asämcp Xc-¯n ]d-ªm GsXmcp CS-]m-Sn-sâbpw aqey-¯nsâ ]¯p-i-X-am\w kÀ¡m-cn\p \ÂIWw; AXp \ÂIp-¶p-s­¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\p-Å-XmWp ap{Z-]{Xw. c­p-t]À X½n Hcp IcmÀ sN¿p-¶p-sh-¦n AXpw ap{Z-]-{X-¯n FgpXn h¨mte km[p-hmIq. aqeyw Ipd-hm-sW-¦n D]-tbm-Kn-t¡-­Xp kväm¼mWv. tImÀ«p-^o-Ìm¼v, dh\yq Ìm¼v XpS-§nb Ht«sd Ìm¼p-IÄ D]-tbm-K-¯n-ep­v. AXn¶pw ]pdsa C³jp-d³kv I¼-\n-IÄ¡pw aäpw X\-Xmb t^md-§Ä thsd-bp-ap­v. C¯cw ap{Z-]-{X-§fpw Ìm¼p-I-fp-saÃmw A¨-Sn¨p X¿m-dm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶Xv C´ym-K-h¬saânsâ ""skIyq-cn-än-{]Ên""emWv. Id³kn-t\m«pw aäpw A¨-Sn-¡p¶ AXn-kp-c-£n-X-amb {]Êp-I-fn Xs¶.

Id³kn-t\m-«p-IÄ a\p-jyÀ ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp-¶-h-bm-I-bm IÅ-t\m«v Ffp-¸-¯n {i²-bnÂs]Spw; _m¦n-se-¯n-bm Ah ]nSn-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶Xp XoÀ¨. F¶m ap{Z-]-{X-§fpw Ìm¼p-Ifpw If-hmbn A¨-Sn-¨m Hcn-¡epw {i²-bnÂs]-SnÃ. \à Id³kn-t\m-«p-Isf IÅ-t\m-«p-I-fnÂ\n¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ amÀ¤-ap­v. Ahbv¡p \¼-dp­v; H¸p­v. A§s\ ]e kqN-I-§-fp-ap­v. _m¦p-ImÀ, I¨-h-S-¡mÀ F¶n-§s\ ]Ww ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-hÀ¡v Ffp-¸-¯n IÅ-t\m-«p-Isf Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ignbpw. F¶m ap{Z-]-{X-¯n {]tXy-In-s¨mcp AS-bm-f-hp-anÃ. hymP-\nÀ½n-X-amb ap{Z-]-{X-§sf \à ap{Z-]-{X-¯nÂ\n¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bpI hnj-a-amWv; Hcp ap{Z-]{Xw BsI Hcn-¡Âam-{Xta ssIImcyw sN¿-s¸Sq F¶-Xp-sIm­p hymP-ap-{Z-]{Xw {i²-bnÂs]-Sm-\pÅ km[yX AXy-]qÀh-amWv.

Cu A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-§Ä NqjWw sNbvXp-sIm­v Hcp KqV-kwLw GXm­p ]¯p-sIm-Ã-ambn sskzc-hn-lmcw \S-¯n-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. alm-cmjv{Sw, B{Ô, Xan-gv\mSv, IÀ®m-SIw F¶o \mep-kw-Øm-\-§-fn-em-Wn-hÀ h³tXm-Xn _nkn-\Êv \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶Xv. cmP-Øm³, bp.]n, _wKmÄ XpS-§nb D¯-tc-´y³ kwØm-\-§-fnepw ChÀ hymP-ap-{Z-]-{X-§fpw Ìm¼p-Ifpw hnä-gn-¨n-«p­v.

]¯p-sImÃw ap¼p \S¶ Hml-cn-Ipw-`-tIm-Whpw h³tXm-Xn-epÅ Hcp X«n-¸m-bn-cp¶p. AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-ambn Bkq-{XWw sNbvX B X«n¸p ]pd-¯p-h-¶-t¸mÄ, tÌm¡v FIvkvtN-©p-I-fn XIÀ¨ kw`-hn-¡p-Ibpw Hml-cn-I-fn ]Ww \nt£-]n-¨n-cp¶ e£-¡-W-¡n-\m-fp-IÄ ]m¸-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ap{Z-]-{X-Ipw-`-tIm-Whpw `oa-am-sW-¦nepw AXp km[m-c-W-¡msc Hcp-X-c-¯nepw _m[n-¡p-¶nÃ. ImcWw JP-\m-hn Ft¯­ ]Ww tNmÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-I-am-{X-amWv Cu hoc-·mÀ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. AXp-sIm-­p-Xs¶ Cu Ipw`-tImWw ]{X-§-fn hmÀ¯-bm-Ip-¶nÃ. cmjv{So-b-t\-Xm-¡-·mÀ, DtZym-K-Ø-{]-am-Wn-amÀ, s]meo-kvta-[m-hn-amÀ XpS-§n-b-h-scÃmw DÄs¸-s«mcp Ipw`-tIm-W-am-I-bm CXv HXp-¡n-¯oÀ¡m-\pÅ km[y-Xbpw Gsd-bmWv.

A_vZpÄ Icow sXÂPn Fs¶m-cmsf IÀWm-SI Kh¬saâv CubnsS Ad-Ìp-sN-bvX-tXm-sS-bmWv Cu Ipw`-tIm-W-¯nsâ hniz-cq]w ]pd-¯p-h-¶Xv. Cbm-fpsS Z£n-tW-´y-bnse GPâmb tjJv hlo-Zn-s\bpw IÀWm-SI s]meokv Ad-Ìp-sN-bvXn-«p­v. ]t£ Cu tIkv ]pd-¯p-h-cp-¶Xv CXm-Zy-aÃ. 1999 B{Ô-bn hymP-ap-{Z-]{Xw Is­-¯n-bn-cp¶p. B{Ô-bnse sXep-¦p-tZiw a{´n-bmb IrjvW-bm-Z-hnsâ \mep A\p-bm-bn-IÄs¡-Xn-cmbn A¶p tIkv NmÀPv sNbvXp. ]t£ ]ns¶ H¶pw kw`-hn-¨nÃ. At\z-jWw apt¶m-«p-t]m-b-Xp-anÃ. bmZhv ]n¶oSp a{´n-Øm\w Hgnªp; alm-cm{ã s]meokv CubnsS Abmsf Ad-Ìp-sNbvXp. F¶n«pw B{Ô-bn Hc-\-¡-hp-anÃ. hymP-\nÀ½n-X-amb ap{Z-]-{Xhpw Ìm¼pw Gä-hp-a-[nIw hnä-gn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv B{Ô-bn-emWv; AhnsS ]e t\Xm-¡-·mÀ¡pw Cu CS-]m-Sn ]¦p-s­¶v Ad-Ìp-sN-¿-s¸« hloZv k½-Xn-¡p¶p. ]t£ B{Ôm Kh¬saâv A\-§p-¶nÃ.

alm-cm-{ã-¯nepw CXp-X-s¶-bmWp ØnXn. tIkv ]pd-¯p-h-¶n«p Imew Ipd-¨m-sb-¦nepw Kh¬saâv H¶pw sNbvXnÃ. s]meo-knsâ At\z-jWw Hcn-©p-t]mepw apt¶m-«p-\o-§p-¶p-anÃ. CXn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶v A®m-l-km-tcbpw Nne kÀ¡m-tc-X-c-kw-L-S-\-Ifpw t_mws_ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bn Hcp s]mXp Xmev]cy lcPn kaÀ¸n¨p. sslt¡m-SXn Iev]n-¨-X-\p-k-cn¨v At\z-jWw Gsä-Sp¯ kvs]j s]meokv Sow s]meokv tPmbnâv I½o-j-WÀ {io[À hmK-ens\ CubnsS Ad-Ìp-sNbvXp; s]meokv I½o-j-WÀ BÀ.Fkv.iÀ½-sbbpw ChÀ tNmZyw sNbvXp-h-cp-¶p­v. alm-cm-jv{S-¯nse kamPv hmZn ]mÀ«n-bnÂs]« Fw.FÂ.F.bmb A\n tKms«bpw Ad-Ìn-em-bn-¡-gnªp.

Cu tIknse c­p h¼³{]-Xn-I-sfbpw IÀ®m-S-I-s]m-eo-kmWv Ad-Ìp-sN-bvX-sX-¦nepw Ahn-sSbpw tIkv apt¶m-«p-t]m-Ip-¶nÃ. `c-W-I-£n-bnÂs]« BÀs¡-Ãmtam CXp-ambn _Ô-ap-s­-¶mWp kwi-bn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. Xan-gv\m-«n-em-Is« CXp-hsc Hcp tIkvt]mepw NmÀPp-sN-bvXn-«nÃ. Xan-gv\m-«n hymP-ap-{Z-]{X _nkn-\-Ên-\pÅ ad-bmbn \mep-I-¼-\n-IÄ sXÂPn X«n-¸-S-¨p-­m-¡n-bn-«p­v. F¶m IqSp-X At\z-j-W-sam¶pw \S-¶n-«nÃ.

Cu X«n-¸nsâ {]hÀ¯-\-coXn Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-am-b{X efn-X-amWv. A_vZpÄ Icow sXÂPn¡v \mkn-¡nse skIyq-cnän {]Ênse Nne DtZym-K-Ø-·m-cp-ambn _Ô-ap-s­¶p kwi-bn-¡-s¸-Sp¶p. GXm-bmepw Bh-iy-¯n\v ap{Z-]-{Xtam Ìmt¼m In«m-sX-hcpw. 2002 B{Ô Kh¬saâv 126 tImSn cq]-bpsS Ìm¼n\v HmÀUÀ kaÀ¸n¨p. \mkn-¡nse skIyq-cnän {]ÊnÂ\n¶v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯Xp 11 tImSn-cq-]-bv¡pÅ Ìm¼m-bn-cp¶p. CsXmcp DZm-l-cWw am{Xw. C¯cw Ir{Xn-a-£m-a-ap-­m-¡n-bmWp sXÂPn Xsâ _nkn-\-Ên\v If-sam-cp-¡p-¶Xv.

sXÂPn Hmtcm kwØm-\-¯nepw h¼-\mb Hcp t\Xm-hns\ ]m«n-em¡pw. B kwØm-\-¯nse hymP-ap-{Z-]-{X-hn-X-cWw apgp-h³ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv Abm-fm-bn-cn¡pw. AtX-k-abw, sXÂPn Xsâ kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-h-cp¯pw. hymP-ap-{Z-]-{X-_n-kn-\-Ên DÄs¸« t\Xm-¡-·mÀ¡v t^m¬sN-¿pI F¶-XmWv AXn-\pÅ sSIv\n¡v. B kw`m-jWw apgp-h³ AbmÄ Imk-än tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n kq£n¡pw. C¯cw ]e Imk-äp-Ifpw Cbmsf Ad-Ìp-sNbvX ka-b¯p IÀWm-SI s]meokv ]nSn-s¨-Sp-¯n-«p-s­-¶mWp dnt¸mÀ«v. Imkäv ]pd-¯p-h-¶m cmjv{So-b-cw-K¯pw s]meo-kn-ep-apÅ Hcp-]mSv h¼-·mÀ IpSp-§p-sa-¶-Xn-\m s]meo-kn\v apt¶m-«p-t]m-Im³ km[y-aÃ. IÀWm-SI s]meo-kn\v ]nSn-s¨-Sp¯ Imkäv hn«p-X-cm³ alm-cm-{ã-¯nse At\z-j-W-kwLw A`yÀ°n-¨p-sh-¦nepw IÀ®m-SI kl-I-cn-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¶mWp ]d-bp-¶Xv. AÀ°w hyàw.

then-Xs¶ hnf Xn¶p-Xp-S-§n-bm P\m-[n-]-Xy-sa¶ Irjn ]msS \in¡pw. CXn¶p XS-bn-Sm³ tImS-Xnt¡ Ignbq. t_mws_ sslt¡m-SXn C¡m-cy-¯n ImWn-¡p¶ Pm{KX Bim-h-l-amWv. ]s£ \ap¡p tImS-Xnbpw tImS-Xnbpw tImS-Xn-bp-ap­v. Hcp tImSXn ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bm A¸p-ds¯ tImSXn F´p-sN-¿p-sa¶p {]h-Nn-¡m-\m-hnÃ

tI{µ-K-h¬saân\v sImÃw-tXmdpw 2,300 tImSn cq]-bpsS \ãw hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡p¶ Hcp kÀ¡mÀ kÀ¡p-eÀ Akm-[p-hm-sW¶p ZÂln sslt¡m-SXn 2002 tabn hn[n-¨n-cp¶p. Cu hn[n-s¡-Xn-cmbn Kh¬saâv þAtX km£m hmPvt]-bn-bpsS Kh¬saâv Xs¶ þ kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn A¸o kaÀ¸n¨p. Ignª HtÎm-_À Ggmw-Xo-bXn sslt¡m-SXn hn[n Akm-[p-hm-¡n-s¡m­pw C´ybv¡v sImÃw-tXmdpw 2300 tImSn-cq] \ãw hcp-¯p¶ A\-[n-IrX kÀ¡p-eÀ icn-h-¨p-sIm­pw kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n {]kvXm-hn¨p ! \nIp-Xn-\bw \nÝ-bn-¡m-\pÅ A[n-Imcw Kh¬saân-¶p-am-{X-am-sW¶ Rmbw ]d-ªmWv kp{]ow-tIm-SXn Cu X«n-¸ns\ icn-h-¨Xv.

{]iv\w CXmWv ; C´y³ alm-k-ap-{Z-¯nÂ, C´y-bnÂ\n¶p 3500 Intem-ao-äÀ AIse InS-¡p¶ ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw hep-¸-apÅ Hcp cmPy-amWp audo-jykv. Ahn-Sps¯ P\-kwJy shdpw ]{´­p e£-amWv; tIc-f-¯nse Hcp PnÃ-bnse P\-kw-Jy-t]m-ep-anÃ. F¶m CsXmcp kzX-{´-]-c-am-[n-Im-c-cm-{ã-amWv. {_n«o-jp-ImÀ ]­v C´y-bnÂ\n-¶p-sIm-­p-t]mb Iqen-¸-Wn-¡m-cpsS k´-Xn-]-c-¼-c-I-fnÂs]-«-h-cmWp P\-§-fn ap¡mÂ`m-Khpw.

C§-s\-sb-Ãm-am-sW-¦nepw C´y-bnse t\cn-«pÅ hntZ-i-aq-e-[-\-\n-t£-]-¯n aq¶n-sem¶p hcp-¶Xv Cu ""ISp-Ip-aWn""bnÂ\n-¶mWv. 2002þ2003 A¼-¯n-aq-¶p-tImSn tUmfÀ! AXp-t]mse C´y³ Hml-cn-¡-t¼m-f-¯n InS¶p aZn-¡p-¶-hcpw audo-jy-kp-Im-cmWv. Cu hI CS-]m-Sp-IÄ hgn ChÀ sImÃw-tXmdpw 2300 tImSn cq] C´y-bnÂ\n¶p tNmÀ¯n-s¡m-­p-t]m-Ip¶p.

]s£ audo-jy-Êp-ImÀ¡v CXn-semcp ]¦p-an-sÃ-¶-XmWp hmkvXhw C´y-bnse t\Xm-¡-·m-cpsS _n\m-an-amcpw hntZ-is¯ C´y-¡mcpw Ipd¨p hntZ-in-Ifpw IqSn-bmWv Cu `oa-amb XpI tNmÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv. AXnsâ hnZy CXmWv.

Cµn-cm-KmÔn {][m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v C´ybpw audo-jyÊpw X½n Hcp Cc-«-\n-IpXn Icm-dn GÀs¸«p. Hcp audo-jy-Êp-Im-c³ C´y-bn _nkn-\Êv \S¯n k¼m-Zn-¡p\v em`-¯n\v C´y-bn \nIp-Xn-b-S-t¡­; audo-jy-Ên am{Xw \nIp-Xn-b-S-¨mÂaXn. Htc k¼m-Zy-¯n\v c­p-Zn-¡nepw \nIpXn sImSp-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡m-\m-WnXv. C´y CXp-t]mse ]e cmPy-§-fmbpw \nIp-Xn-¡-cmÀ D­m-¡n-bn-«p­v. Hcp Ata-cn-¡-¡m-c³ C´y-bn k¼m-Zy-ap-­m-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, C´y-bntem Ata-cn-¡-bntem Hcn-S-¯p-am-{Xta \nIpXn sImSp-t¡­q. AXp-sIm­v C´ybpw audo-jyÊpw X½n-ep-­m-¡nb Icm-dn Akm-[m-c-W-am-sbm-¶p-anÃ.

F¶m audo-jy-Ên ]n¶oSp \nb-a-§-fn Nne amä-§Ä hcp¯n. audo-jy-ÊnÂh¶v _nkn-\Êv Bcw-`n-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw ""audo-jykv hmkn'' F¶ AwKo-Imcw In«pw. Hcp djy-¡m-ct\m Ata-cn-¡-¡m-ct\m audo-jy-ÊnÂh¶v Hcp apdn-hm-S-I-bvs¡-Sp¯v Hcp t_mÀUv h¨mÂ, AbmÄ ""audo-jykv hmkn""bmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸Spw. Cu audo-jykv hmkn C´y-bn \nIp-Xn-sIm-Sp-t¡­; audo-jy-Ên \nIpXn sImSp-¯m aXn. audo-jy-Ên-em-Is«, em`-k-¼m-Zy-¯n\p \nIp-Xn-bp-anà ! C´y-bn in]m-bn-amÀt]mepw \nIp-Xn-b-S-¡m³ _m[y-Ø-cm-bn-cns¡, audo-jykv hgn C´y-bn-se-¯p¶ GXp hntZ-in¡pw F{X-e£w k¼m-Zy-ap-­m-bmepw Hcp ss]k t]mepw \nIpXn sImSp-t¡-­n-h-cnÃ. alm-cm-jv{S-¯n [mt_m sshZyp-tXm-ev]m-Z-\-tI{µw Øm]n¨ F³ tdm¬ C´y-bn-se-¯n-bXv audo-jykv hgn-bm-bn-cp¶p.

BZm-b-\n-Ip-Xn-h-Ip¸v c­p Uk-t\mfw ""audo-jykv I¼-\n-IÄ""¡v 2000 amÀ¨n t\m«o-k-b¨p. Cu I¼-\n-IÄ ip² X«n-¸p-I-¼-\n-I-fm-sW¶pw, AX-\p-k-cn¨p \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ Imc-W-ap-s­-¦n t_m[n-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶p-am-bn-cp¶p AXn Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw AsXmcp `qI-¼-¯n-¶n-S-bm¡n. Hcp amk-¯n-\Iw sk³{S t_mÀUv Hm^v Ub-dÎv SmIvkkv BZm-b-\n-Ip-Xn-h-Ip-¸nsâ I¿pw-Imepw sI«p¶ Hcp kÀ¡p-eÀ Cd¡n. hntZ-in-IÄ ]d-bp-¶Xp hniz-kn-¨mÂaXn, AXn-¶-¸pdw At\z-jn-¡m³ t]mI-cpXv F¶p imkn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p Cu kÀ¡p-eÀ. A¶p tI{µ-[-\-Im-cy-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ biz´v kn³l-bpsS acp-a-IÄ Cu audo-jykv I¼-\n-I-fn-sem-¶nse DtZym-K-Ø-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶p dnt¸mÀ«p-­m-bn-cp¶p.

\nIp-Xn-sh-«n-¸ns\ klm-bn-¡p-¶-hn-[-¯n C¯-c-samcp kÀ¡p-eÀ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡-W-sa-¦n AXnsâ ]n¶n Imc-W-ap-­m-bn-cn-¡Ww. AsX-´m-sW¶v Duln-¡mt\ ]äq. GXm-bmepw Cu kÀ¡p-e-dns\ NneÀ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bn tNmZyw sNbvX-t¸mÄ tImSXn AXv Akm-[p-hm¡n. AXn-s\-Xnsc Kh¬saâv Xs¶ A¸oÂsIm-Sp¯p ! Ct¸mÄ \nb-a-Im-cy-a-{´n-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶ Acp¬ sPbväven-bmWv A¶p audo-jyÊv I¼-\n-IÄ¡p-th­n kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn hmZn-¨Xv.

JP-\m-hn-se-t¯­ 2300 tImSn cq] hntZ-in-IÄ X«n-s¡m-­p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xn Hc-]m-I-X-bp-an-söv Kh¬saâp-Xs¶ tImS-Xn-bn hmZn-¨mÂ, tImSXn F´p sN¿m-\mWv. icn, F¶m-e-§-s\-bm-Is«, F¶p tImSXn hn[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. ChnsS tImS-Xn-sb-bmtWm Kh¬saân-s\-bmtWm ]mÀen-saân-s\-bmtWm P\-§Ä ]gn-t¡-­Xv? BXy-´n-I-hn-i-I-e-\-¯nÂ, Ch-sc-sbÃmw A[n-Im-c-Øm-\-§-fn-se-¯n¨ P\-§Ä Xs¶-bmWv Ipä-¡mÀ.

Atbm-[y-bn HtÎm-_À 17\v Hcp {]Xn-Úm-k-t½-f\w \S-¯m-\pÅ hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-j-¯nsâ {iaw ]msS ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-­m-bXv. XÀ¡-{]-tZ-it¯m ]cn-k-c-§-fntem Hcn-S-]mSpw A\p-h-Zn-¡-cp-sX¶ tImS-Xn-bpsS Iev]\ tI{µþkwØm-\-K-h¬saâp-IÄ IÀi-\-ambn ]men-¨-Xn-\mÂ, \mSnsâ \m\m-`m-K-§-fnÂ\n¶pw \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«-h-cn an¡-hÀ¡pw Atbm-[y-bn-se-¯m³ Ign-ªnÃ. s]meo-knsâ I®p-sh-«n¨v AhnsS sN¶p-]-än-b-hÀs¡-Xnsc _e-{]-tbmKw \S-¯m\pw s]meokv aSn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXnÃ.

Atbm-[y-bn CS-bv¡nsS Akzm-Øy-§Ä D­m-¡p-¶Xp ]pd-sa-bp-Å-hÀ¡v Hcp ck-am-sW-¦nepw Atbm-[y-bnse P\-§Ä¡v AXp a\w aSp-¸p-­m-¡n-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶mWv HtÎm-_-dnse kw`-h-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. Atbm-[y-bnse {][m-\-t£-{X-§-fn-sem-¶mb l\p-am³K-Un-bnse al´v Bb Úm\-Zmkv hniz-ln-µp-]-cn-j-¯nsâ {]Xn-Úm-k-t½-f-\-¯n-s\-Xn-cmbn P\-§sf kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ ImgvN-bmWv C¯-hW ImWm³ Ign-ªXv.