`mc-Xobw
{]hN\¯n\v
AhImiw?
Sn.-hn.-A-¨p-X-hm-cn-bÀ
thm«Àam-sc-bn«p
X«n-¡-fn-¡m-³ am[y-a-§Ä¡p In«nb
Akp-e-`-am-sbm-c-h-k-c-am-bn-cp¶p Cs¡m-Ãs¯ temI-k`m
Xnc-sª-Sp-¸nsâ {]tXy-I-X. thm«ÀamÀ¡p NÀ¨ sN¿m-hp¶
hnj-b-§-sfm¶pw Cu Xnc-sª-Sp¸p {]N-c-W-th-f-bn DbÀ¶p
h¶n-cp-¶n-Ã. Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n hn[n-sb-gp-Xp-¶Xp Nne {]iv\-§sf
ap³\nÀ¯n-bm-bn-cn¡p-sa-¶mWp k¦-ev]w. Hmtcm ]mÀ«nbpw Hmtcm
{]iv\-ap-¶-bn-¡p-Ibpw AXn hn[n-sb-gp-Xm³ P\-§-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw
sN¿p-¶-XmWp P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nse Xnc-sª-Sp¸p {]N-c-W-co-Xn. AXn\mWp
am\n-s^-tÌm-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶Xpw thm«ÀamÀ¡n-S-bn hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶-Xpw.
Xnc-sª-Sp¸p {]N-c-W-tbmKsa¶Xp kz´w am\n-s^tÌm hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m\pw
FXnÀI-£n-bpsS am\n-s^-tÌm-hnsâ \yq\-X-IÄ NqWvSn-¡m-Wn-¡m\papÅ
thZn-bm-bn-«mWp k¦ev]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. F¶m Cs¡mÃw A§-s\ -bm-sXm¶pw
DWvSm-bn-Ã. `c-W-]-£-¡m-cp-sSbpw {]Xn-]-£-¡m-cp-sSbpw am\n-s^-tÌm-IÄ
H¯pt\m¡n-bm H¶p atä-Xnsâ ImÀ_¬ tIm¸n-bmtb tXm¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p-Åq.
cmjv{Sob I£n-I-fpsS ]m¸-c-¯-sat¶ CXns\ hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-\m-hq.
Cu
Xnc-sª-Sp¸p Ime¯v P\-§-fpsS ap¶n-ep-WvSm-bn-cp¶ Htc -Hcp {]iv\w
Bcp Pbn-¡p-sa-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p; F´p-sImWvSp Pbn-¡p-sa-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
Bcp Pbn-¡p-sa¶ {]iv\w D¶-bn-¨Xp cmjv{Sob I£n-I-fm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã,
am[y-a-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. t\man-t\-j³ kaÀ¸Ww Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn\p
ap¼p-Xs¶ am[y-a-§Ä {]h-N\aÕcw Bcw-`n¨p Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. GXp ]{Xw
AsÃ-¦n GXp sSenhn-j³ Nm\ \S-¯nb {]h-N-\-amWp icn-bm-hpI F¶-Xns\¸än-bm-bn-cp¶p
thm«ÀamÀ¡n-S-bnse NÀ¨. P\-§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ kv]Àin-¡p¶
ImX-emb {]iv\-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn cmjv{Sob I£n-IÄ¡pWvSmb
]cm-P-b-am-IWw am[y-a-§sf C¯-c-¯n hne-km³ {]m]vX-cm-¡n-b-Xv.
1971 se Cµn-cm-Km-Ôn-bpsS ""Kco_n lTmthm'', 1997 se P\-Xm-]mÀ«n-bpsS
P\m-[n-]Xy kwc-£W {]iv\w, 1984 se Cµn-cm-h[ {]iv\w, 1989 se t_mt^mgvkv
{]iv\w, 1991 se cmPohv h[ {]iv\w F¶n-h-sbÃmw Xnc-sª-Sp-¸ns\
{]iv\m-[n-jvTn-X-am-¡n-b-Xn\pÅ DZm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv.
Xnc-sª-Sp¸p
cwK¯v Cs¡mÃw {]Xy-£-s¸« {]h-N\aÕcw AXy´w A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-sbmcp
{]h-W-X-bm-Wv. Imip-Å-h\v GXp Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n-s\bpw A«n-a-dn-¡m³
km[n-¡p-sa-¶-XmWv CXn AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ B]-¯v. C¯-hW {]h-N\
aÕ-c-¯n GÀs¸-«-hÀ Dt±-iyip-²ntbmsS {]hÀ¯n-¨-h-cm-Imw.
]t£ Cu sSIv\nIv Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯pI F{Xtbm Ffp-¸-apÅ ImcyamWv.
FÃm
cmjv{Sob I£n-Ifpw Ce-£³ I½o-j\pw FXn-cm-bn-«p-t]mepw Cu {]h-N\aÕcw
XSbm³ Ign-ªn-sÃ-¶-XmWv CXnse AÛp-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-X.- tem-I-k-`-bnÂ
ap¸Xp iX-am\w koäv kv{XoIÄ¡p kwh-cWw sN¿-W-sa¶ Imcy-¯nÂ
cmjv{Sob I£n-I-sfÃmw GIm-`n-{]m-b-¡m-cmbn«pw AXv Ct¶hsc {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-¡m³
Ign-bmsX h¶-Xp-t]m-se-bpÅ Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-amWv CXpw.
Ce-£³
I½o-j³ ap¼p-Xs¶ Cu Xnc-sªSp¸p ^e-{]-h-N-\-¯n\p FXn-cm-bn-cp-¶p.
1998 se Xnc-sª-Sp-¸p-Im-e-¯p-Xs¶ Ce-£³ I½o-j³ kÀtÆ ^e-§Ä
{]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xp XS-bp-I-bpWvSmbn. ]t£ ]{X-§Ä AXn-s\-Xnsc
kp{]owtImS-Xnsb kao-]n-¨p. Xnc-sª-Sp¸v hmXn¡ h¶p ap«n-¡-gnª
Ah-k-c-am-I-bm tImSXn Ce-£³ I½o-jsâ \nÀt±-is¯ XS-ªp. ]n¶oSv
1999 se Xnc-sª-Sp-¸p-Im-e¯v Ce-£³ I½o-j³ hopw kÀtÆ ^e{]Jym-]-\-§Ä
XS-ªp. Ce-£³ I½o-j\p C¯-c-samcp \ntcm-[\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³
A[n-Im-c-an-söv tImSXn NqWvSn-¡m-Wn-¨-Xn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶v, Ce-£³
I½o-j³ ]n·m-dn.
Cs¡mÃw
Ce-£³ I½o-j³ hfscIcp-X-tem-sS-bmWp Icp \o¡n-b-Xv. G{]nÂ
BZy-¯n Xs¶ Ce-£³ I½o-j³ Hcp AJne I£n-tbmKw hnfn-¨p-Iq-«n.
Bdp tZiobI£n-Ifpw ]Xn-s\«p kwØm-\-I-£n-Ifpw ]s¦-Sp¯ Cu kt½-f\w
GI-I-WvT-am-bn-«mWp Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N\w XS-b-W-sa¶p Xocp-am-\n-¨-Xv.
cmjv{So-b-I-£n-I-fpsS GI-I-WvT-amb Cu \nÀt±iw \S-¸m-¡m³ Hcp
HmÀUn-\³kv ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡-W-sa-¶-`n-{]m-b-s¸-«p-sImWvSv Ce-£³
I½o-j³ Kh¬saWvSn\p Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£ AÛp-X-sa¶p ]d-b-s«,
_n.-sP.-]n.-A-S-¡-apÅ cmjv{So-b-I-£n-I-fpsS \nÀt±-is¯ Kh¬saWvSv
Xnc-kvI-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-WvSm-b-Xv. AtämÀWn P\-d tkmfn skmdm_vPn
FXn-cm-sW¶p ]d-ªmWp Kh¬saWvSv Hgnªp amdn-b-Xv.
`c-W-L-S-\-bnse
19(1)(F) hIp¸v Dd-¸p-\ÂIp¶ A`n-{]mb {]I-S\ kzmX-´y-¯n-\pw
FXn-cm-Wn-sX-¶mWv AtämÀWn P\-d ]d-bp-¶-Xv. AtämÀWn P\-d-ensâ
hm¡n\p A{X-tbsd hne Kh¬saWvSp Iev]n-¡p-¶pWvtSm? DWvsS-¦n CXn\p
ap¼p-Xs¶ Kh¬saWvSv asäm¶p sNt¿-WvS-XpWvSm-bn-cp-¶p. Nne
amk-§Ä¡p ap¼v kp{]ow tImSXn \S-¯nb Hcp hn[n {]Jym-]-\-¯nÂ
kÀ¡mÀ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡p ]Wn-ap-S-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-an-söp
]d-ªn-cp-¶p. Cu hn[nsb AXn-cq-£-ambn hnaÀin¨ BfmWv Cu AtämÀWn
P\-dÂ. Ct±lw ]d-bp-¶Xv thZ-hm-Iy-ambn kÀ¡mÀ Icp-Xp-¶pWvsS-¦nÂ,
kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS hn[n d±m-¡p¶ Hcp \nbaw Kh¬saWvSv ]mÀen-saân-Â
Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p ]mkm-t¡WvS-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. samgn-sNmÃn ]pd-¯m-¡nb `mcybv¡p
Poh-\mwiw In«m³ Ah-Im-i-apWvsS¶p kp{]ow tImSXn jm_m\p tIknÂ
hn[n-¨-t¸mÄ AXns\ hn^-e-am-¡m³ \nba\nÀ½mWw \S-¯nb ]mÀen-saâm-WtÃm
\½p-tSXv? At¸mÄ Kh¬sa-WvSn\p CjvS-apÅ Imcyw AtämÀWn P\-dÂ
]d-ªm-Â Kh¬saWvSv AXv kzoI-cn-¡p-sa¶pw, CjvS-an-Ãm¯ Imcyw ]d-ªmÂ
AXp XÅp-sa-¶p-am-WtÃm AÀ°w. Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N-\s¯ _n.-sP.-]n.
A\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶p-sh¶p thWw CXnÂ\n¶v A\p-am-\n-¡m³.
Xnc-sª-Sp¸p
^e-{]-h-N\w \ntcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\ ]{X-§fpw sSen-hn-j³ Nm\-ep-Ifpw
FXnÀ¡p-¶Xv \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq. Imc-Ww, AX-h-cpsS
hb-äp-]n-g-¸nsâ {]iv\-am-Wv. ]t£ AXn-¶-hÀ A`n-{]mb {]I-S\
kzmX-{´ys¯ ad-bmbn ]nSn-¡p-¶Xv AwKo-I-cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. tIm¬{KÊv
Pbn-¡psat¶m _n.-sP.-]n.-P-bn-¡p-sat¶m ]{Xm-[n-]À¡p tXm¶pWvsS-¦nÂ,
AXv FgpXn shbv¡p-¶-Xns\ Bcpw FXnÀ¡n-Ã. kao-]-Imew hsc ]{X-§Ä
sNbv-Xn-cp-¶Xpw AXm-Wv. Hmtcm ]{Xhpw Hmtcm ]£w ]nSn-¡p-¶Xv
km[m-c-W-bm-bn-cp-¶p. X§Ä ]n´m-§p¶ ]mÀ«n Pbn-¡-W-sa¶p
B{K-ln-¡m\pw Pbn-¡p-sa¶p ]d-bm\pw GXp ]{X-¯n-\pw kzmX-{´y-apWvSv.
F¶m Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N\w ]{X-¯nsâ A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\-aÃ; \m«p-Im-cpsS
A`n-{]mbw AXm-sW¶p ]dªp {]N-cn-¸n-¡-emWv.
C´y-bnse
Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N\w XoÀ¯pw _men-i-am-sW¶p AXnsâ
DÅp-I-Ån-I-f-dn-bm-hp-¶-hÀ hyà-am-¡n-bn-«pWvSv. kÀtÆ \S-¯m³
\ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ GsX-¦n-epw {Kma-¯n sN¶v BZyw IWvSpap«p¶
]¯p-t]-cpsS A`n-{]mbw tiJ-cn¨p aS-§p-¶p. AsÃ-¦n ]©m-b¯v {]knUWvSv
hnfn-¨p-h-cp-¯p-¶-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-§Ä Ipdn-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶p.
bmsXmcp ]cn-io-e-\hpw e`n-¡m¯ sNdp-¸-¡m-cmWv kÀtÆbv¡p \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
CXn-¶n-d§n ]pd-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v AXn-sem¶pw Hcp Xmev]-cy-hp-an-Ã.
ChÀs¡m¶pw Imcy-amb {]Xn-^-ehpw \ÂIm-dn-Ã. Im¸n-¡pÅ Imsi-¦nepw
In«p-sa-¶-Xp-sImWvSp am{Xw ]ecpw kÀtÆ tPmen¡p X¿m-dmIp¶p.
A§-s\-sbms¡ X«n-¡q«p¶ kÀtÆ-bpsS ^e-§Ä¡p bmYmÀ°y-hp-ambn
_Ô-apWvSm-In-Ã. C´y-bnse Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N-\-§-sfÃmw
sXän-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xnsâ ImcWw CXm-Wv. AXn-emÀ¡p-samcp
thh-em-[n-bp-an-Ã. ]{X-¯nsâ {]Nmcw Iq«m³ C¯cw Nne kÀ¡-Êp-IÄ
{]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-sa¶p ]{X DS-a-IÄ¡-dn-bmw. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-IÄ
\S-¯p¶ ]{X-§-fn t]mepw ""hmc-^ew''
{]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-dp-WvS-tÃm.
]t£
]{X-§Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Cu kÀ¡kv Xnc-sª-Sp¸p^es¯ _m[n-¡p-¶p.
Pbn-¡p¶ ]£¯p \n¡m-\pÅ hmk\ a\pjykl-P-am-Wv. Hcp ]mÀ«n
Pbn¡pw, Pbn¡pw, Pbn¡pw F¶p ]dªp \S-¡p-¶Xp ImWp-t¼mÄ
Nne-sc-¦nepw AXp hniz-kn¨p B ]£¯p tNcpw. ]¯p-e£w thm«ÀamcpÅ
Hcp \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-e-¯nÂ, Nne-t¸mÄ Hscmä thm«n\p t]mepw Hcp Øm\mÀ°n
Pbn-¨p-sh¶ph-cpw. AXn-\m Xnc-sª-Sp¸p ^e-{]-h-N-\-¯n-eqsS
thm«sd hgn-]n-g-¸n-¡p-¶Xv Agn-a-Xn-bm-bn-¯s¶ IW-¡m-¡-Ww.
tImS-Xn-I-fpsS
Ifn-IÄ
CubnsS
cp sslt¡m-S-Xn-IÄ Ncn{Xw krjvSn-¡p-I-bp-WvSmbn. Hcp kw`hw ]©m_v
lcn-bm\ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp¶p. km[m-cW `mj-bn ]d-ªm Ahn-Ss¯
PUvPn-amÀ No^v PÌn-knsâ `c-W-¯n {]Xn-tj-[n¨v ]Wn-ap-S-¡n!
tImSXn¡mcy-am-I-bmÂ
hni-Zmw-i-§Ä ]pd¯p hn«n-«n-Ã. F¦nepw ]{X-¡mÀ CXnsâ Hcp GI-tZi
Nn{Xw \ÂIp-¶pWvSv. AhnsS Fhn-sStbm h¼-·mÀ AwK-§-fm-bpÅ Hcp
""t^mdÌv ln ¢_v'' DWvSv. Cu ¢ºn-s\-Xn-cmb Hcp tIkv
sslt¡mS-Xn-bn hnNm-c-W-bn-en-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. t^mdÌv ¢ºv
ta[m-hn-amÀ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnse cWvSp PUvPn-amÀ¡p t^mdÌp ¢ºn kuP-\y-ambn
AwKXzw \ÂIn. C§s\ kuP\y AwK-Xz-¯m A\p-Kr-lo-X-cmb
PUvPn-am-cn-sem-cmÄ, ¢ºn-s\-Xn-cmb tIkn hnNm-cW \S¯n hcp¶
Unhn-j³ _©nse AwK-am-Wv. asämcp Xc-¯n ]d-ªm PUvPnsb kzm[o-\n-¡m³
\S-¯nb Hcp the-¯-c-amtb Cu kuP\y AwKXz Zm\s¯ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ IW-¡m-¡q.
Cu kuP\y AwKXz Imcyw Adn-ª-t¸mÄ sslt¡m-SXn No^v PÌnkv _n.-sI.
tdmbv _Ô-s¸« PUvPn-am-tcmSv hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-s¸-«p. No^v
PÌn-knsâ Cu \S-]-Sn-bn {]Xn-tj-[n¨v sslt¡m-SXnbnse Cu
PUvPn-am-cn 25 t]cpw Iq«-t¯msS Ah-[n-sb-Sp-¯p. No^v PÌnkv CS-s]«v
s]s«¶p Xs¶ Imcyw HXp-¡n-¯oÀ¯p.
C´y-bnse
PUvPn-am-cn 80 iX-am-\hpw Agn-aXn¡Xo-X-am-sW¶v Hcp ap³ No^vP-Ìnkv
Nne amk-§Ä¡p ap¼v {]kvXm-hn-¨-Xpambn CXp Iq«n hmbn-t¡WvS-Xm-Wv.
GXm-bmepw PUvPn-amÀ C§s\ Iq«t¯msS ]Wn-ap-S-¡p¶ kw`hw
CXm-Zy-am-sW¶p tXm¶p-¶p.
]Sv\
sslt¡m-S-Xn-bn-epWvSmb kw`hw CXnÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-¶p. AhÀ
kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS A[n-Im-c-s¯-¯s¶ tNmZyw sN¿p-I-bm-WpWvSm-b-Xv.
CXnsâ Hcp GI-tZi Nn{Xw C§-s\-bm-Wv. ]Sv\ \K-c-¯nse s_bven tdmUnsâ
Ccp-h-i¯pw sI«nSw \nÀ½n-¡p-¶Xp XS-ªp-sImWvSp ]Sv\ sslt¡mSXn
Ipd-¨p-Imew ap¼p Hcp Iev]\ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cp-¶p.
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw AXv ]eÀ¡pw hnj-a-ap-WvSm-¡n. Ah-À
sslt¡m-S-Xn-bpsS Iev]-\-bvs¡-Xn-cmbn kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bn Hcp lÀPn
kaÀ¸n-¨p. tIknsâ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä Bcm-ªp-sImv kp{]owtImSXn
sslt¡m-S-Xn-s¡mcp ktµiw Ab-¨p. CXv sslt¡mSXn No^v PÌn-kns\ t£m`n-¸n-¨p.
""sXäp sNbvX Hcp A\ym-b-¡m-csâ t{]c-W-bmÂ
sslt¡m-S-Xn-tbmSp hni-Zo-I-cWw tNmZn¨'' kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS \S-]-Snsb
A[n-t£-]n-¨p-sIm-WvsSmcp Iev]\ No^v PÌnkv kp{]ow tImS-Xn-b-¡-b-¨p.
C¡m-cy-¯nepw
k{]ow tImSXn DZm-c-am-sbmcp kao-]-\-amWv Ah-ew-_n-¨-Xv. sslt¡m-SXn
No^v PÌn-kn\v kp{]ow tImSXn KpW-tZm-jn-¡p-Ibpw No^v PÌn-knsâ
\njn-²-amb ]cm-aÀi§sfÃmw- dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ\n¶p \o¡w sN¿m³
Iev]n-¡p-Ibpw am{Xsa kp{]ow-tIm-SXn sNbvXpÅq. sXäp sN¿p¶
PUvPn-amÀs¡-Xnsc \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ C´y³ No^v PÌn-kn\v
Hc-[n-Im-chpansöXp ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-sW¶p CubnsS dn«-bÀ sNbvX No^v
PÌnkv _n.-F³.-Jsc \S-¯nb ]cm-aÀiw IqSn CXp-ambn tNÀ¯p
hmbn-t¡WvS-Xm-Wv. Hcp sImÃw ap¼v IÀ®m-SI sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnse Nne
PUvPn-amÀ Hcp s]¬ tIkn DÄ-s¸-«-t¸mgpw kp{]ow tImS-Xn¡v CtX
KXn-tISv A\p-`-h--s¸-Sp-I-bp-mbn. `c-W-L-S\ {]Imcw C´y³ No^v
PÌn-kn\p \oXn-\ymb `c-W-cw-K¯p hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb A[n-Im-c-§Ä
am{X-sa-bp-Åq.
{Inan-\-ep-Ifpw
Ce-£\pw
_olm-dnÂ
Pbn-en InS-¡p¶ Bdp {Inan-\-ep-IÄ aÕ-cn-¡p¶ \ntbm-PI
aWvU-e-§-fnse Xnc-sª-Sp¸p \o«n-sh-bv¡m-\pÅ ]Sv\ sslt¡m-SXnbpsS
Iev]\ C´y-bnse {Inan-\Â cmjv{So-b-¯n-te¡p P\-§fpsS {i² hoWvSpw
BIÀjn-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Xnc-sª-Sp¸p \nb-a-{]-Imcw Hcp {Inan-\Â
tIkn cWvSpsImÃ-t¯-¡p Pbn in£ e`n-¨-hÀ¡p Xnc-sª-Sp-¸nÂ
aÕ-cn-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-an-Ã. CubnsS hcp-¯nb Nne t`Z-K-Xn-I-f-\p-k-cn¨v
Øm\mÀ°n-IÄ X§Äs¡-Xn-cmb tIkp-I-fpsS hnhcw AS-§nb kXy-hmMv aqew
\ma-\nÀt±i ]{Xn-I-tbm-sSm¸w kaÀ¸n-¡-W-sa¶p hyhØ
sNbvXn-«p-WvSv. ]t£ CXp-sImWvsSm¶pw Hcp ^e-hp-an-Ã. sImÅbpw
sIme-]m-X-I-hp-a-S¡w Uk³I-W-¡n\p {Inan-\ tIkp-I-fn {]Xn-I-fm-b-hÀ
t]mepw Cu Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n aÕ-cn-¡p-¶pWvSv. _olmÀ, bp.-]n, a[y--{]-tZiv
XpS-§nb ""]Ýn-a-ta-Je'' bn s]« kwØm-\-§-fn C¯cw {Inan\Â
Øm\mÀ°n-IÄ¡v Hcp Øm\-hp-an-Ã. \½psS cmjv{Sob I£n-IÄ \¶m-Im-¯n-S-t¯mfw
Imew Cu {]iv\-¯n-s\mcp ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hn-Ã. P\-§sf InSp-InsS hnd-¸n-¡p¶
Hcp KpWvS-sb Hcp ]mÀ«n kz´w Øm\mÀ°n-bm-¡p-t¼mÄ, Abmsf
t\cn-Sm³ aäp I£n-IÄ¡pw KpWvS-Isf tXSn-¸n-Sn-t¡WvSn hcp-¶p.
cmjv{Sobw {Inan-\-ep-IÄ¡pw, {Inan-\-ep-IÄ cmjv{So-b-¯n\pw XW-em-Ip-¶n-S-t¯mfw
Imew \ap¡v Cu KXn-tI-SnÂ\n¶p c£-s¸-Sm-\m-hn-Ã.
]t£
Chn-Sps¯ {]iv\w ]Sv\ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bpsS Iev]-\-bmWv. C¯-c-samcp Iev]\
]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³ tImS-Xn¡v A[n-Im-c-an-sÃ-¶-Ã, Cu Iev]\
\nb-a-hn-cp²w IqSn-bm-Wv. Xnc-sª-Sp¸p hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨p
Ign-ªm ]ns¶ F´p `qI¼w kw`-hn-¨mepw icn, Xnc-sª-Sp¸p {]{In-b-bnÂ
tImS-Xn-IÄ CS-s]-S-cp-sX¶p kp{]ow tImSXn ]e-X-hW A\p-im-kn-¨n-«p-Å-Xm-Wv.
AXp-sImWvSp Xs¶ sslt¡m-S-Xn-bpsS Iev]\ Akm-[p-hmbn Xocp-¶p.
Hcp
\ntbm-PI aWvU-e-¯nse Xnc-sª-Sp¸p \o«n-sh-bv¡-W-sa-¦nÂ, P\-{]m-Xn-\nXy\nb-a-¯nÂ
AXn\p hyà-amb hyh-Ø-I-fpWvSv. _q¯v It¿äw t]mse-bpÅ AXn-{I-a-§Ä
hym]-I-am-bpWvSm-bmte Xnc-sª-Sp¸p \o«n-sh-bv¡m³ Ce-£³ I½o-j\v
A[n-Im-c-ap-Åq. ]WvSv tij³ No^v Ce-£³ I½o-j-W-dm-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v
Nne tXm¶n-hm-k-§Ä ImWn-¨n-«p-WvsS-¦nepw AsXm-cp Iogvhg-¡-ambn
kzoI-cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. AXn\pw ]pd-sa, HcmÄ in£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-hsc \nc-]-cm-[n-bmbn
IW-¡m-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¶-XmWp \nb-aw. Pbn-en AS-bv¡-s¸-«Xv Hcp
Atbm-Ky-X-bmbn Xocp-sa-¦nÂ, Kh¬saWvSn\p CjvS-an-Ãm-¯-h-sc-sb-Ãmw,
GsX-¦nepw IÅ-t¡-kn s]Sp¯n Pbn-en-e-S¨v, ""ieyw''
Hgn-hm-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
C´y³
cmjv{So-b-¯n {Inan-\-enkw `oI-c-ambn hfÀ¶p h¶n-«pWvsS-¶-Xp Hcp
kXy-am-Wv. D¯-tc-´y-bnse ]e koäp-I-fnepw aÕ-cn-¡p¶ {Inan-\-ep-IÄ,
Pbn-en InS-¶mepw ]m«p]mSn Pbn-¡p-sa-¶-XmWp hmkvX-hw. Ahsc
t]Sn-¨mcpw FXn-cmbn thm«psN-¿n-Ã. Cu KXn-tI-Sn\p \nb-a-¯nÂ
IqSntbm tImS-Xn-bn IqSntbm ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hn-ÃtÃm. I¿q-¡n-s\bpw
]W-¯nsâ {]Xm-]-s¯bpw AI-än-\nÀ¯m³ cmjv{Sob I£n-IÄ Xocp-am-\n-¨mse
Cu {]iv\w ]cn-lr-X-am-Iq.
hnkn-eSn
\nb-a-¯n-te¡v
HSp-hnÂ
C´y-bnepw ""hnkn-e-Sn-¡mÀ¡v'' kwc-£-W-¯n\p \nb-a-ambn.
`c-W-Iq-S-§Ä, Øm]-\-§Ä, kwL-S-\-IÄ F¶n-h-bn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn¨p
hcp-¶-hÀ, X§-fpsS Øm]-\-¯n \S-¡p¶ AXn-{I-a-§Ä IWvSv a\waSp¯v,
A¡mcyw ]cky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-s\bmWv ""hnkn-eSn'' F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv.
Hcp Øm]-\-¯n \S-¡p¶ A\ym-b-§Ä AXn-\-I¯p {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-hÀt¡
Adn-bm³ Ign-bq. s]mXp Xmev]-cy-§Ä ap³\nÀ¯n AXp ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ
AbmÄ AXnsâ {]Xym-LmXw A\p-`-hn-t¡WvSn hcpw. Cu {]Xym-Lm-X-¯nÂ\n¶v
Abmsf kwc-£n-t¡-WvSXp kaq-l-¯nsâ IS-a-bm-Wv.
hnkn-e-Sn-¡m-cnÂ
Gähpw {]kn-²³ Um\n-b FÂkv _ÀKm-Wv. ]¯p-e£w hnbäv\mwImcp-sSbpw
55,000 Ata-cn-¡-¡m-cp-sSbpw ac-W-¯n-\n-S-bm-¡nb hnbäv\mwbp²-s¯-¸än
Ata-cn-¡³ Kh¬saWvSv ]dªp ^en-¸n-¨p-sImWvSn-cp¶ kXym-hØ 1971 Â
""\yqtbmÀ¡v ssSwknMv'' tNmÀ¯n-s¡m-Sp¯ ssk\ym-[n-]-\mWv
FÂkv _ÀKv. HutZym-KnI clkyw tNmÀ¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯-Xn\v At±-l-¯n\p \nb-am-\p-krXw
115 sImÃs¯ XShp in£ hn[n-¡s¸«psh-¦nepw tImSXn ]n¶oSt±ls¯
tamNn-¸n-¨p. FÂkv _ÀKnsâ Cu hnkn-e-Sn-bmWv hnbäv\mw bp²-¯n-s\-Xnsc
Ata-cn-¡-¡m-cpsS P\-tcmjw Cf-¡n-hn-«-Xv. C¯cw hnkn-e-Sn-¡m-cpsS
kwc-£-W-¯n\v Ata-cn¡ 1989  Hcp \nb-a-\nÀ½mWw Xs¶ \S¯n. ]e ]mÝmXy
cmPy-§-fnepw C¯cw \nb-a-§Ä Ct¸mÄ \ne-hn h¶n-«pWvSv. F¶mÂ
C´y-bn C¶pw hnkn-e-Sn-¡mÀ Ac-£n-Xm-h-Ø-bn-em-Wv. CubnsS
C´ym-K-h¬saWvSnsâ cmP-]mX \nÀ½m-W-¯nse Agn-aXn ]pd-¯p-sImWvSph¶
F©n-\o-b-dmb ktXy{µ Zpt_ h[n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-WvSm-b-Xv.
hnkn-e-Sn-¡m-cpsS kwc-£-W-¯n\p \nb-a-\nÀ½mWw \S-¯-W-sa¶pw,
AXp-hsc XmevIm-enI \S-]-Sn-I-sf-s´-¦nepw kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw
kp{]ow-tIm-SXn CubnsS tI{µ Kh¬saWvSn\p \nÀt±iw \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p.
AX-\p-k-cn¨v hnkn-e-Sn-¡m-cpsS kwc-£-W-`mcw No^v hnPn-e³kv
I-½o-js\ Gev]n-¨p-sImWvSv C´ym-K-h¬saWvSv hnÚm-]\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. CsXmcp XmevIm-enI \S-]-Snsb BIp-¶p-Åq. AXp-t]mepw AXy´w A]-cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv.
Imc-Ww, tI{µ-Kh¬saWvSnsâ kÀÆo-kn-ep-Å-hÀ¡pam{X-amWv CXp ]cn-c£
\ÂIp-¶-Xv. kwØm-\-Po-h-\-¡mÀ s]mXp taJ-e-Øm-]-\-§-fnse Poh-\-¡mÀ,
kzImcy taJ-e-bnse Poh-\-¡mÀ F¶n-hÀs¡Ãmw kwc-£Ww \ÂIp¶
hn[-¯n ka-{K-am-sbmcp \nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-ap-WvSm-bmse Chn-Sps¯
Agn-a-Xn¡p Aev]-sa-¦nepw ia\w hcq. {_n«-\n kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnse
Poh-\-¡mÀ¡p t]mepw kwc-£Ww \ÂIp¶ \nb-a-amWp \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv. Ip{]-kn-²-amb
F³tdm¬ kw`-hs¯¯pSÀ¶v Ata-cn-¡-bnepw ]»n¡v enan-äUv I¼-\n-IÄ¡pw
hnkn-eSn \nbaw _m[-I-am-¡n-bn-«pWvSv.
Cdm-Jn-te¡v
hnap-à-`-S-·mÀ
C´y-bnÂ
ssk\n-I-ta-[m-hn-am-cpsS Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-¯-s¶-bmWv Cdm-Jn-te¡p
hnapà `S-·msc dn{Iq«v sN¿p-¶sX¶v ""Hu«vep¡v''
dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿p-¶p. ""kÀ¡mÀ \b-¯n\v FXn-cm-I-bmÂ
hnap-à-`-S-·msc Cdm-Jn-te¡bbv¡p-¶Xv \nb-{´n-¡W''sa¶p
Bh-iy-s¸-«p-sImWvSv Ignª s^{_p-h-cn-bn ssk\nI BØm-\-¯p-\n¶v
A©p Iam³Up-IÄ¡pw kÀ¡p-eÀ Ab-¨n-cp-¶-Xmbn hmcnI ]d-bp-¶p.
Cdm-Jn-en-t¸mÄ F{X hnapà `S-·mÀ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-¡p-¶p-WvsS-¶-Xn\p
IW-s¡m-¶p-an-sÃ-¦nepw AXv Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hcp-sa-¶mWp hmcnI ]d-bp-¶-Xv.
dn«-bÀ sNbvX ssk\n-tIm-tZym-K--Ø-·mÀ \S-¯p¶ GP³knI-fmWp hnapà
`S-·msc dn{Iq«v sNbvXv Cdm-Jn-te-¡-b-bv¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp km[m-cW
hnapà `S\v Cdm-Jn 22,000 I. apX 31,000 I. hsc i¼fw e`n-¡p-t¼mÄ
dn«-bÀ sNbvX taPÀ¡v 52,000 I. apXÂ 61,000 I. hscbpw dn«-bÀ
sNbvX {_ntK-Un-bÀ¡v H¶c e£w apX- Ht¶-ap-¡m e£w hscbpw {]Xn-amkw
i¼fw e`n-¡p-¶pWvsS¶pw dnt¸mÀ«n ]d-bp-¶p. bYmÀ°-¯n ChÀ
Nmth-À ]S F¶ KW-¯n s]Sp-¶p. ]cn-t¡äv Cdm-JnÂ\n¶p
Xncn-s¨-¯nb tIWÂ Sn. I]q-dnsâ IYbpw hmcnI
{]kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-«pWvSv.
]W-{]-Xn-\n[n
C¯-hW
temI-k` Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n aÕ-cn¨ Gähpw henb [\n-I³ ssakq-cnse
tIm¬{KÊv Øm\mÀ°nbmb \c-knw-l-cmP htU-bmÀ Bbn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ
BkvXn, kXy-hm-Mvaqe-{]Imcw, 1520 tImSn cq]-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.