sskeâv hmenbnÂ
hoWvSpw sImehnfn

Fw.]n. _joÀ, A\p]a sh¦ntSiv

"]cnØnXn imkv{Xs¯¡pdnt¨m AXnPoh\ hnIk\s¯ Ipdnt¨m in£Ww t\Sm¯ hensbmcp BÄ¡q«w hfsc¡pd¨v kmaqlnI {]hÀ¯IcpsS ]n´pWtbmsS hnPbIcambn \S¸m¡nb C´ybnse Gähpw hepXpw {][m\s¸«Xpamb ]mcnØnXnI kwc£W {]Øm\ambncp¶p sskeâv hmen {]t£m`w'

- ]me¡mSv PnÃbnse sskc{Ôn h\w kµÀin¨ tijw 1897þ ssSw amKknsâ F³htbm¬saâv FUnäÀ BÀXÀ t»¡v FgpXnbXmWv CXv. F¬]XpIfnse sskeâv hmen {]t£m`s¯ ASp¯dnª Bcpw ]n¶osSt¸msg¦nepw ]Ýna L«¯nse Cu \ni_vZ Xmgvhcbnte¡v hnIk\ hmKvZm\§fpsS tas¼mSnbn«v IcmdpImÀ F¯psa¶v IcpXnbncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ, cWvSp ]XnämWvSpIÄ¡v tijw ]pXnb t]cn sskeâv hmenbnte¡v hoWvSpw sshZypX ]²Xnsb¯pt¼mÄ, tIcf¯nse ]cnØnXn {]Øm\w iàn £bn¨v £oWnXcmbncn¡p¶p. Ct¸mÄ tIcf¯n hnhmZambncn¡p¶ ]m{X¡Shv PesshZypX]²Xn, B h\s¯ Iodnapdn¨v \S¸m¡s¸Spw F¶ Bi¦tbdp¶Xv Cu iàn£b¯n \n¶mWv.

Ncn{Xw; ]cnØnXn

]me¡mSv PnÃbnse a®mÀImSv Xmeq¡n \oeKncn ae\ncIfpsS sX¡p]Snªmtd tImWn ØnXn sN¿p¶ \n_nU h\{]tZiamWv sskeâv hmen. sskc{µn h\sa¶dnbs¸Sp¶ ChnsS h\¯n km[mcW tIÄ¡mdpÅ NohoSpIfpsS i_vZw t]mepw tIÄ¡m¯XpsImWvSv {_n«ojpImcmWv sskeâv hmen F¶v t]cn«Xv. kap{Z\nc¸n \n¶v GItZiw 1,100 aoäÀ Dbc¯n AXnssiXytam AanXamb NqtSm A\p`hs¸Sm¯ ImemhØ. Ip´n¸pgbmWv Xmgvhcbnse {][m\ \Zn. kap{Z \nc¸n \n¶v 2,383 aoäÀ Dbsc \n¶pÛhn¨v hS¡p\n¶v sXt¡ms«mgpIn Ip´n sskeâv hmenbpsS hSt¡bä¯v F¯nt¨cp¶p. "GXmWvSv 20 Intemaoätdmfw henb ]mdbnSp¡pIfneqsS HgpIn `mcX¸pgtbmSv tNcp¶ Ip´n¸pgbmWv tIcf¯nsâ C\nbpw Ahtijn¡p¶ GI ip² \Zn. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ Ip´n¸pg¡v IpdpsI Umw ]Wnbpt¼mÄ \mw \qdph«w BtemNn¡Ww. ]pgIfpw \ZnIfpw _Ôn¨v \mw ]WnX ]²XnIÄ F´p X¶psh¶v" {]apJ ]cnØnXn imkv{XÚ³ s{]m^. Fw.sI.{]kmZv ]dbp¶p.

\meXncpIfpw sImSpapSnIfm Npäs¸« 3952 slIvSÀ ag¡mSpIfmWv sskeâv hmen. Cu ae\ncIfmWv sskeâv hmenbnse ssPhsshhn[ys¯ IeÀ¸nÃmsX \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xv. ]cnØnXn imkv{X ]T\§Ä {]Imcw 50 Zie£w hÀjw ]g¡apÅ Cu "Ct¡mfPn¡Â sFeân"\v temI¯p Xs¶ hncfamb kam\XItfbpÅq. 1984  tZiotbmZym\ambn {]Jym]n¡s¸« tijw am{Xw sskeâv hmenbn \n¶v 83 ]pXnb Pohn/ kky hÀK§sf IWvsS¯nbn«pWvSv. "C{Xbpw ]mcnØnXnI {]m[m\yapÅ Xmgvhcsb bps\kvtIm temI ss]XrI `q]S¯n DÄs¸Sp¯m³ {iaw \S¯p¶Xn\nSbnÂ, ChntS¡v hoWvSpw sshZypXn ]²Xn \nÀt±in¡p¶Xv Xs¶ ZpcqlamWv." {]ikvX Ihb{Xn kpKXIpamcn ]dbp¶p. AXpsImWvSmWv \nÀ±njvT ]m{X¡Shv ]²Xn hnhmZambXpw.

`mcX¸pgbpsS AWsI«m¯ GI ssIhgnbmWv Ip´n¸pg. AWsI«nb aäp ssIhgnIsfÃmw þ awKew]pg, Kmb{Xn¸pg, NnäqÀ]pg, I¸m¯n¸pg þ CXn\Iw Xs¶ hcWvSpW§n¡gnªp. AXpsImWvSmWv Ip´n¸pg¡v IpdpsI ]m{X¡Shv ]²Xn hcpt¼mÄ Bi¦tbdp¶Xv. sskeâv hmen \mjW ]mÀ¡nsâ AXnÀ¯nbn 500 aoäÀ XmsgbmWv ]m{X¡Shv ]²Xn \S¸m¡p¶Xv. Dt]£n¡s¸« sskeâv hmen ]²Xn¡v ]Icw "]cnØnXn¡v CW§p¶" F¶ hntijWhpambmWv ]m{X¡Shv ]²Xnsb kwØm\ sshZypXn t_mÀUv apt¶m«p sh¡p¶Xv. ]pgbn \n¶v shÅsaSp¯v sshZyptXm¸mZ\w Ignªv shÅw hoWvSpw ]pgbnte¡v Xs¶ XÅp¶ coXnbnemWv ]²Xn cq]Iev¸\ sNbvXXv. BZyL«¯n 70 saKmhm«pw ]n¶oSv sam¯w 105 saKmhm«pw sshZypXn Dev]mZn¸n¡pIbmWv e£yw. 214 Zie£w bqWnäv sshZypXn {]XnhÀjapWvSm¡m³ 64 aoäÀ Dbc¯nsemcp Umapw anXamb tXmXnepÅ h\\mihpw am{Xw aXnsb¶mWv t_mÀUv hniZoIcn¡p¶Xv. ]²Xn¡v thWvSn t_mÀUv I½oj³ sNbvXv \S¯n¨ ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\¯n 22.16 slIvSÀ h\\miw am{Xta ]²Xn sImWvSpWvSmIq F¶pw AXp Xs¶ \n_nU taJebmbncn¡nà F¶pw hyàam¡p¶pWvSv. ]gb sskeâv hmen ]²Xnbn 830 slIvSÀ h\`qan \in¡psa¶v IW¡m¡nb Øm\¯mWnXv. hoWvSpw ]pgbnte¡v Xs¶ shÅw Xncn¨phnSp¶Xn\m Umw apX hoWvSpw shÅw ]pgbnse¯p¶ Øew hscbpÅ cWvtSap¡m IntemaoäÀ Zqcw am{Xw ]pg hcfq F¶pw t_mÀUv hniZoIcn¡p¶p. C¯cw kmt¦XnI ImcW§Ä sImWvSp Xs¶, ]²Xn sNdnsbmcp hn`mKw kmaqlnI {]hÀ¯IÀ kzmKXw sN¿p¶pWvSv. "kmt¦XnIambn ]dªm ]²Xn¡v henb ]mcnØnXnI BLmX§fnÃ. F¦nepw IqSpX ]T\§Ä¡v tijw am{Xta A´na Xocpam\w ]mSpÅq", {]apJ kmaqlnI {]hÀ¯I³ tUm. F. ANypX ]dbp¶p.

F¶m tIhe kmt¦XnIXbv¡v A¸pdw, IqSpX aÀ½{][m\amb {]iv\§fmWv ]²Xnsb FXnÀ¡p¶hÀ apt¶m«p sh¡p¶Xv. ]²Xn \mjW ]mÀ¡n\v ]pd¯mWv F¶ \ymbw AhÀ AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. "`cW]camb kuIcy¯n\p thWvSn a\pjy\nÀ½nXamb Hcp AXncmWv sskeâv hmen¡v Ct¸mgpÅXv. bYmÀ°¯nÂ, tIcf¯nsâ \ne¼qÀ Unhnj\pw a®mÀ¡mSv Unhnj\pw ]pdsa Xangv \mSnsâ `mKamb \oeKncn ae\ncIÄ IqSn DÄs¸Sp¶ Xmgv hcbpÅ Npäph\§Ä IqSn kwc£n¡s¸«mte sskeâv hmen kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶pÅq. AXpsImWvSv 500 aoäÀ amdn DWvSm¡p¶ Umw ]mcnØnXnIambn Xmgvhc¡v AI¯p Xs¶bmWv." kpKXIpamcn ]dbp¶p.

]gb Ncn{Xw

{_n«ojpImcpsS Imew sXmt« sskeâv hmenbn PesshZypX ]²Xn Øm]n¡m\pÅ BtemN\ XpS§nbncp¶p. 1921þepw 31þepw {_n«ojv t^mdÌv F©n\nbdmbncp¶ C.Fkv. Uuk¬ {]mYanI ]T\w \S¯n. 51þ hoWvSpw ]T\w \Ss¶¦nepw AXpw {]tbmKXe¯n F¯nbnÃ. 1973þ tZiob ¹m\nwKv I½oj³ 522 Zie£w bqWnänsâ ]²Xn sskeâv hmenbn Øm]n¡m³ A\paXn \ÂIn. F¶m tZiob ]cnØnXn Bkq{XW GtIm]\ kanXn '76- \nban¨ SmkvIv t^mgvkv ]²Xn Dt]£n¨v h\taJe kwc£n¡Wsa¶v ip]mÀi sNbvXp. F¶n«pw kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ ]²Xn {]hÀ¯\§fpambn apt¶m«p t]mhpIbpw 78þ tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ A\paXn t\SpIbpw sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v tIcf imkv{XkmlnXy ]cnj¯pw, \mNzd lnÌdn skmsskänbpw, thÄUv sshUv ^WvSnsâ C´ym Nm]vädpw tNÀ¶v Bdv hÀjw \oWvS t]mcm«¯neqsSbmWv B ]²Xnsb tXm¸n¨Xv. ]²Xnsb¡pdn¨v ]Tn¡m³ \nbpàcmb tUm. Fw.Fkv. kzman\mY³ I½oj\pw, s{]m^. Fw.Pn.sI. tat\m³ I½oj\pw, ]²Xn temI¯v A]qÀÆambn Ahtijn¡p¶ ag¡mSpIÄ IqSn \jvSs¸SmXncn¡m³ sskeâv hmen kwc£n¡Wsa¶v XoÀ¯p ]dªt¸mÄ kÀ¡mcpIÄ¡v ]n³hmt§WvSn h¶p. 1984 \hw_À 15\v sskeâv hmen kwc£nX tZiotbmZym\ambn hnÚm]\w ]pds¸Sphn¨p. cWvSp hÀj¯n\p tijw sskeâv hmensb \oeKncn _tbmkv^nbdnsâ tImÀ Gcnbbmbpw {]Jym]\apWvSmbn. Ct¸mÄ Xmgvhcsb thÄUv sldntäPv enÌn DÄs¸Sp¯m³, bps\kvtImbpsS thÄUv sldntäPv I½nän ip]mÀi sNbvXXn\p sXm«p ]n¶msebmWv ]pXnb hnhmZw Xes]m¡nbncn¡p¶Xv.

]pXnb hnhmZw

sskeâv hmen ]²Xn 20 hÀj§Ä¡p tijw ]p\:]cntim[n¡msa¶ Fw.Pn.sI. tat\m³ dnt¸mÀ«nse ]cmaÀi¯nsâ NphSp]nSn¨v cWvSp hÀjw ap¼v sshZypXn a{´n IShqÀ inhZmk³ ]²Xn ho­pw ]cnKW\bnepWvsS¶v {]kvXmhn¨p. F¶m sskc{Ônbn hoWvSpw ]²Xn XpS§p¶Xv hnhmZw £Wn¨p hcp¯psa¶pd¸mbt¸mÄ ]²Xn ]m{X¡Shnte¡v amäpIbmbncp¶p. AXn\p thWvSn Xncph\´]pcs¯ F¬hb¬saâ dntkmgvkkv dnkÀ¨v skâÀ aptJ\ ]cnØnXn BLmX ]T\hpw, kwØm\ aen\oIcW \nb{´W t_mÀUn\p Iogn P\lnX ]cntim[\bpw \S¶p. Cu cWvSnepw IÅ¡fnIÄ \S¶Xmbn Ct¸mÄ Btcm]Ww DbÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. Nme¡pSn]pg kwc£WkanXn {]knUâv kXojv _m_p ]dbp¶Xv CXmWv. "hnizmkyXbnÃm¯ Hcp kzImcy Øm]\s¯s¡mWvSv BLmX]T\w \S¯n¡pIbpw, P\]¦mfn¯w Dd¸m¡msX lnX]cntim[\ \S¯pIbpw sNbvXXn \n¶p Xs¶ kÀ¡mÀ Ft´m ad¨pshbv¡m³ {ian¡p¶psh¶v hyàamWv."

kzImcy GP³kn \S¯nb BLmX]T\ dnt¸mÀ«nse IWvsS¯epIsf {]apJ KthjIcpw imkv{XÚcpw tNmZyw sN¿p¶p. ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«v {]Imcw ]²Xn {]tZi¯v 23 kkvX\nIfpw, 79 C\w ]£nIfpw, 22 C\w CgP´p¡fpw, 18 C\w aÕy§fpw, 14 C\w Bw^n_nb\pIfpw 43 C\w ]q¼mäIfpw Pohn¡p¶psh¶mWv IW¡m¡nbncn¡p¶Xv. Chbn 20 iXam\hpw ]ÝnaL«¯n am{Xw ImWs¸Sp¶hbmWv.

F¶mÂ, Cu ]T\w XoÀ¯pw A]cym]vXamsW¶mWv tImb¼¯qcnse tUm. kenw Aen skâÀ t^mÀ HmÀ\nt¯mfPnbnse tUm. hnPb³ ]dbp¶Xv. "Umansâ Hcp IntemaoäÀ Npäfhn Bdp amk¡met¯¡mWv BLmX ]T\w \S¶Xv. CXv XnI¨pw A]cym]vXamWv. Npcp§nbXv FÃm EXp¡fneqsSbpw IS¶p t]mIp¶ a«n Hcp hÀjw apgph³ ]¯p IntemaoäÀ Npäfhn ]T\w \S¯Ww.' At±lw hmZn¡p¶p. Ip´nbn 18 Xcw aÕy§tf DÅpsh¶pw Ahbnsem¶pw Xs¶ hwi\mi`ojWn t\cnSp¶hbsöpw BLmX ]T\¯n ]dbp¶Xns\bpw hnZKvZÀ tNmZyw sN¿p¶p. \mjW _yqtdm Hm^v ^njv P\nänIv dntkmgvkknse imkv{XÚÀ Ip´n¸pgbn t\cs¯ \S¯nb ]T\§fn 57 C\w aÕy§sf IWvsS¯nbncn¡p¶p. Chbn 45 C\§fpw ]ÝnaL«¯n am{Xw ImWp¶hbpw 18 C\§Ä hwi\mi`ojWn t\cnSp¶hbpamsW¶v tIcf ImÀjnI kÀÆIemimebnse ap³ Atkmkntbäv s{]m^kÀ tUm. Fenk_¯v tPmk^v ]dbp¶p.

C¯cw "X«n¡q«nb' IW¡pIfpsS ]n³_e¯nemWv kwØm\ aen\oIcW \nb{´Wt_mÀUv ]²Xn¡p thWvSn sabv 21 \v ]m{X¡Shv ]²Xn¡p th­n a®mÀImSv tNcpwIpfw FÂ.]n. kv¡qfn lnX]cntim[\ \S¯nbXv. `mcX¸pgbpsS Xocs¯ ]©mb¯pIfn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ hnhn[ kmaqlnI kwLS\IfpsS {]Xn\n[nIfpw kpKXIpamcnbS¡apÅ Ht«sd ]cnØnXn {]hÀ¯Icpw sXfnshSp¸n\v F¯nbncp¶p. F¦nepw Ahcn Bscbpw Xt±iobcmb \m«pImÀ kwkmcn¡m³ A\phZn¨nÃ. "]pd¯p \n¶p h¶ BfpIÄ R§fpsS hnIk\w apS¡p¶p" F¶mbncp¶p AhcpsS hmZw. a®mÀImSv, Ipacw]p¯pÀ ]©mb¯pIfnse P\§Ä am{Xw sXfnshSp¸n ]s¦Sp¯m aXn F¶mbncp¶p A[nIrXcpsSbpw cmjv{Sob¡mcpsSbpw \ne]mSv.

F¶m CXv \m«pImcpsS am{Xw {]iv\amtWm? Ip´n¸pg häp¶tXmsS, `mcX¸pgbn Ahtijn¡p¶ \oscmgp¡pw CÃmXmIpw. Ip´n¸pgbptSbpw XqX¸pgbptSbpw ]n¶oSv `mcX¸pgbptSbpw Xoc¯v 25þe[nIw ]©mb¯pIfnembn \mep e£t¯mfw a\pjyÀ Xmakn¡p¶p. sskeâv hmenbnse Nnc]pcmX\amb ssPhsshhn[yw am{Xaà ; Cu a\pjycpsS IpSnshÅw IqSnbmWv ]²Xn h¶m CÃmXmhpI.