F§-s\-bmWv Nc-I-kw-ln-X-bnte¡v F¯p-¶Xv?

1991 Â, _mw¥q-cnse kn.-hn.-cm-a³ dnkÀ¨v C³Ìn-äyq«v KmÔn kvamcI {]`m-jWw \S-¯m³ Fs¶ £Wn-¨p. ]WvUn-X-k-Z-kn\p ap¶n F´m ]d-bp-I. Rm³ sNbvX Hm¸-td-j-\p-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v {]`m-jWw \S-¯p-¶-Xv icn-b-Ã. A[nIw NÀ¨ sN¿m¯ Hcp hnjbw Xs¶ thWw. A§-s\-bmWv Nc-I-kw-lnX-bn-te-s¡-¯p-¶-Xv. hmbn-¨-t¸mÄ a\-Ên-embn Pohn-Xs¯¡pdn¨v al-¯mb X-¯z-Nn-´-bmWv Nc-I³ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. {]`m-jWw kZ-kn\v CjvSs¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]ikvX imkv{X-Ú³ kXojv [hm-\mWv BZyw tNmZn-¨-Xv, Nc-I-kw-lnX FÃm-hÀ¡pw a\-Ên-em-Ip¶ hn[-¯n Cw¥o-jn-te¡v hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-cp-tXm-sb-¶v.

Nc-I³ tcmKs¯ F§-s\-bmWv t\m¡n-¡-WvSXv?

Hcp \à sshZy\v tcmKw IWvSm aq¶mbn Xcw Xncn¡m³ Ign-b-W-sa-¶mWv Nc-I³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. km[yw, ¢njvS-km-[yw, Akm-[yw. BZy-t¯Xv Ffp-¸-¯n NnIn-Õn¨v t`Z-am-¡mw. cWvSm-a-s¯Xv kzÂ]w _p²n-ap-t«-WvSn-h-cpw. ]t£, Akm[yw NnIn-Õn¨v t`Z-am-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. AXv sXmSmt\ ]mSn-Ã. shdpsX tcmKn¡v {]Xo£ sImSp¯v Ah-cpsS ]Ww ssI¸-än..... ]t£, ]ecpw A§s\ sN¿p-¶pWvSv Ct¸mÄ.

BbpÀth-Zhpw Atem-¸-Xnbpw Xmc-Xayw sN¿mtam?

tcmK-¯nsâ ImcWw IWvSp-]n-Sn-¡p-I, AXv .Nn-In-Õn¨p amäpI. Atem-¸-Xn-bpsS NnIn-Õm-coXn AXm-Wv. AWp-tcm-K-_m[ aqe-apWvSm-Ip¶ tcmK§Ä, tImf-dbpw aäpw NnIn-Õn¨v t`Z-am-¡p-¶-Xn Atem-¸-Xn hnP-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£ Ct¸m-gs¯ ]e tcmK-§fpw DWvSm-Ip-¶Xv H¶n IqSp-X Imc-W-§Ä sImWvSm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v Im³kÀ, sImtdmWdn lmÀ«v Unko-kv. ChnsS BbpÀth-Z-¯n\v NneXv sN¿m³ Ign-bpw. ]t£, kÀP-dn, -thWvSn-h-cp-t¼mÄ Atem-¸-Xnsb B{i-bn-¡p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv. \½-fn¶v Imä-dmIvSv kÀPdn Ignªv ]ntä¶v Hm^o-kn t]mIp-¶p. kp{ip-Xsâ Imes¯ kÀPdn -C¶v sNbvXm-tem, 90 iX-am\w t]À¡pw ImgvN \jvS-s¸-s«¶p hcmw.

Atem-¸Xn tUmIvSÀamÀ s]mXpsh BbpÀthZ sshcn-I-fm-Wv. tUmIvSÀ hey-¯m³ ]t£ BbpÀth-Z-s¯-¡p-dn¨v F{X _lp-am-\-t¯msS kwkm-cn-¡p-¶p.?

BbpÀth-Z-t¯mSv Atem-¸-Xn¡mÀ¡v AhÚbpw ]pÑhpsams¡ ]WvS-tÃ. hmXw, ]n¯w, -I-^w CXp sh¨v F´p ^nkn-tbm-f-Pn, sshZy-imkv{Xw F¶m-bn-cp¶p tNmZyw. ]t£, kmbn-¸n\v BbpÀth-Zt-¯mSv henb _lp-am-\-am-b-t¸mÄ \½p-sSbpw a\Êv amdn. IY-Ifn Cjv-S-an-Ãm-¯-hcpw IY-Ifn ImWp-¶n-tÃ. AXp-t]mse Ct¸mÄ ]e tUmIvSÀamcpw BbpÀthZ acp-¶p-IÄ Ipdn¨p sImSp-¡m-dpWvSv.

tUmIvSÀamsc tcmKn-bpsS _Ôp-¡Ä ssIsh-¡p¶ kw`hw Ct¸mÄ CS-bv¡nsS DWvSmIp-¶pWvStÃm?

tUmIvSÀam-cn tcmKn-IÄ¡v hnizm-k-an-Ãm-Xm-bm C§-s\--sbms¡ kw`-hn-¡pw. Hm¸-td-j³ sN¿p-¶Xv Bh-iy-¯n-\m-tWm-sb¶pw t]mepw tcmKn-IÄ kwi-bn-¡m³ XpS-§n. Nne tUmIvSÀamcpw Acp-Xm-¯Xv sN¿p-¶pWvSv. sNss¶bn Hcp tUmIvSÀ CubnsS IpSp-§p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. kvIm\nMv skâdnte¡v tcmKn-Isf ip]mÀi sNbvXv I½o-j-\-Sn-¨-Xn-\v. Nc-I³ hyà-ambn ]dn-bp-¶p-WvSv. ]Wtam {]ik--kvXntbm tamln-¨m-h-cpXv NnIn-Õ-sb-¶v.

sNdp-¸-¡mÀ Ipg-ªp-hoWv acn-¡p¶ hmÀ¯ ]{X-¯nepw aäpw ]Xn-hmbn ImWp¶p. ap¼v Cu Akp-J-§Ä Hcp {]mbw Igntª hcq F¶ ss[cy-ap-WvSm-bn-cp¶p?

Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pnse BZy-_m¨v hnZymÀ°n-bmWv Rm³. 1951  A¶m `mK¯v Hä-¡-S-bn-Ã. Rm\pw Iq«p-Im-cpw F{Xtbm h«w DÅqÀ sXm«v Ìm¨yq hsc \S-¶n-«p-WvsSt¶m? ]t£, Ct¸mgs¯ Ip«n-IÄ hWvSnbpw aäp kuI--cy-§-fp-am-b-t¸mÄ \S-¡m-sXbmbn. Ign¡p¶ `£-W-am-sW-¦n sIm¡-tIm-fbpw \qUnÂkpw AXp-t]m-epÅ km[-\-§fpw. ]pI-h-enbpw aZy-]m-\hpw sNdp-¸-¡mÀ¡n-S-bn hÀ[n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS B{K-l-§fpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v sS³j\pw IqSn-bn-«pWvSv.

tUmIvS-dpsS `£-Whpw hymbm-a-ap-d-I-fp-sa-§-s\-bmWv?

{]mÀ°-\-I-tfm-sS-bmWv Hmtcm Znh-khpw XpS-§p-I. cmhnse Hcp tZmi. D¨¡v F´m In«p-¶-sX-¶p-sh-¨m AXv. {ioNn-{X-bn sht¨ A§-s\-bm-Wv. kÀP\v D¨-t\-c¯v DuWp-I-gn-¡m-s\m¶pw ]än-Ã. Cs¶mcp km³Uvhn¨v Ign-¨p. cm{Xn Hcp N¸m-¯ntbm s{_tUm Ign-¡pw.

ChnsS Hcp Ip¶n³]p-d-¯mWv hoSv. hoSn\v Npäpw G-gp-duWvSv \S-¡pw. AXp [mcm-f-amWv Fsâbo lrZ-b-¯n-\v. CXp-hsc Ipg-¸-sam-¶p-an-Ã. sshkvNm³k-e-dm-bn-cp-¶p.

11 t{Imkv tdmUn Ajoa IpSo-dnse GI hnZymÀ°n Xm\m-sW¶v tUmIvSÀ hey-¯m³ Xam-i-bmbn ]d-bm-dpWvSv. `mcy Ajo-abpw aIÄ a¶bpw aWn-¸m A¡m-Z-an-bn A[ym-]-IÀ. aI³ a\ojv Ata-cn-¡-bnse ¢ohvem³Un HmÀt¯mtUmWvSnIvkv hn`mKw Akn-Ìâv s{]m^-k-dm-Wv.

1963  Ata-cn-¡-bnse ]T\w Ignªv aS-§n-sb-¯nb tUm.-Fw.-F-kv. hey-¯m³ Ipd-¨p-Imew NWvUo-K-Vnse t]mÌv {KmtPzäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. Ahn-sS-sh-¨mWv Ajo-asb IWvSp-ap--«n-bXpw lrZbw ssIam-dn-bXpw. ]mIn-kvXm-\n \n¶v A`-bmÀ°nIfmbn C´y-bn-se-¯nb Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nse AwK-amWv Ajo-a.

"Hcp-]mSv hyXym-k-§-fpWvSm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-¯n-emcpw tIc-f-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tI-«n-«p-t]m-ep-an-Ã. AUvP-Ìvsaâp-I-sfm-cp-]mSv thWvSnh-¶p. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcwImc³ XrÈqÀ¡m-cnsb IeymWw Ign-¨mepw thWvtS Nne AUvP-Ìp-saâp-IÄ." tUm.-h-ey-¯m³ Nncn-¨p.

"Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cs¯ hoSv hnämWv ChnsS hoSv sh¡p-¶-Xv. {ioNn-{X-bn-em-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v Bdp-hÀjw Rm\m ho«n X\n-¨m-bn-cp-¶p. sshIp-t¶-c-§-fn ]m«p tI«v InS¡pw ." Htc ]n¨n-e-§s\ t]mIp¶ Hcp a[p-c-Km\w t]mse-bmWv tUmIvSÀ hey-¯msâ hÀ¯-am-\w.

"]m«p-tIÄ¡Â am{X-ta-bp-Åq. `owsk³ tPmjn-bmWv Fsâ lotdm. F.-BÀ. dlvamsâ ASn-s]m-fn-]m-«p-Ifpw tIÄ¡pw. Nne ]m«p-IÄ tI«m a\-Ên\v hÃm¯ kpJw In«pw. DZm-l-c-W-¯n-\v, "lmte-eq-b'. {ioNn-{X-bn-em-bn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cs¯ It¨-cn-IÄs¡Ãmw t]mbn-cp-¶p.

{ioNn{X C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v saUn-¡Â kb³kv, tUm.-h-ey-¯msâ Pohn-X-¯nsâ Hcp `mK-am-Wv. Ft¸mtgm hey-¯m³ ]d-ªp. {ioNn-{X-bpsS hnPbw Fsâ Pohn-X-¯nsâ hnP-b-amWv F¶v. 1947 apX 94 hsc Ub-d-IvS-dmbn t\m¡n \S¯nb Øm]-\w. Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v ikv{X-{InbIÄ. {ioNn{X hey-¯m\v ]ß-`q-j¬ t\Sn-s¡m-Sp-¯p. hnc-an-¨-t¸mÄ aWn-¸m kÀh-I-em-ime sshkv Nm³k-e-dm-hm³ £Wn-¨Xpw {ioNn-{X-bpsS hnPbw IWvSm-h-Ww.

{ioNn-{X- Cu \ne-bn-se-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn A\p-`-hn¨ {][m\ _p²n-ap-s«-´m-bn-cp¶p?

\½psS \m«n F´p ]d-ªmepw BZyw Ifn-bm-¡pw. CsXm¶pw \S-¡m³ t]mIp-¶nà tUmIvSsd F¶ a«nÂ. Hm¸¬ lmÀ«v kÀP-dn-bpsS Imcyw ]d-ª-t¸m-gpw, lmÀ«v hmÄhv DWvSm-¡p¶ Imcyw ]d-ª-t¸m-gp-sams¡ CXm-bn-cp¶p ØnXn. \½-sf-s¡mWvSv Hcp _¡äv t]mep-apWvSm¡m³ ]än-sÃ-¶m-bn-cp¶p Hcp kplr¯v ]d-ª-Xv. -F-¶nt«m? lmÀ«v hmÄhv kÀPdn hnP-b-I-c-ambn sN¿m\pw ]än. Hcp sFIy-an-Ãm-¯-XmWv \½psS henb {]iv\w. sXm«Xn\pw ]nSn-¨-Xn-\p-sams¡ Ipäw ]d-bpw.

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS `mK-¯p-\n¶pw \Ã t{]mÕm-l\w In«n-bn-cp-¶tÃm?

DÆv. {]tXy-In¨pw ANyp-X-ta-t\m³. ad-¡m³ ]änà B henb a\p-jy-s\. 17 sImÃw ap¼v tIcfw hn« Fs¶ \m«n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-hn-fn¨Xv At±-l-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp Imcyw Bh-iy-s¸-«m AXv \ymb-am-sW-¦n cWvSv hmt¡ DÅq. "\ap¡v sN¿mw.' hf-sc-¡p-dt¨ kwkm-cn-¡p-Åq-sh-¦nepw At±-l-samcp ss[cym-bn-cp-¶p. AXp sImWvSm-hWw At±-l-¯nsâ kÀ¡mÀ hoW-Xpw, {ioNn-{X-bn-emsI Hcp hmÀ¯ ]c-¶p: "C\n {ioNn-{X-bpsS Imcyw t]m¡m' sW-¶v.

hÀj-§Ä¡n-¸p-dhpw tUm.-h-ey-¯m³ hyà-ambn HmÀ¡p¶p. B Znh-kw. {ioNn-{X-bn Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ alm-dmWn Kucn-]mÀh-Xn-`m-bnsb {]th-in-¸n-¨-Xm-sW-¶v. At©m Btdm aWn-¡qÀ Bip-]-{Xn-¡n-S-¡-bn InS-¶-t¸mÄ X¼p-cm-«n¡v hÃm¯ hnc-k-X-b-\p-`-h-s¸-«p. alm-dmWn tUmIvSÀ hey-¯m-t\mSv ]d-ªp.

"Ign-bp-sa-¦n Hcp ]co-£Ww \S-¯n-t\m-¡-Ww. at\m-l-c-amb Iptd Nn{X-§Ä Xq¡nb apdn-bn Hcp tcmKnsb ]mÀ¸n-¡p-I. A¸p-d¯v CXp-t]mse iq\yhpw hnc-k-hp-amb apdn-bn thsdmcp tcmKn. Ipd-¨p-Zn-hkw Ignªv t\m¡n-bm BZys¯ apdn-bnse tcmKn-bpsS BtcmKy\ne Xmc-X-tay\ t`Z-am-bn-cn-¡pw." AXv Hcp ]mT-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v tUm.-h-ey-¯m³.

Hcp tUmIvSÀ ]Tn-¡p-¶Xv tcmKn-I-fn \n¶v IqSn-bm-WtÃm?

XoÀ¨-bmbpw. F\n¡nt¸mÄ thsdmcp tIkv HmÀa hcp¶p. Hcp kv{Xo. F«p hÀjw ap¼v apwss_-bn shs¨mcp taPÀ Hm¸-td-j³ Ign-ª-XmWv. AXn-\p-tijw AhÀ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn. Ipªp-§-fpWvSm-bn. izmkw ap«Â h¶-t¸m-gmWv Fsâ-b-Sp-t¯-s¡-¯p-¶-Xv. Hm¸-tdäv sNbvXp-t\m-¡p-t¼m-gtà a\-kn-em-hp-¶Xv, apwss_-bnse Bip-]{Xn sNbvXp-sh¶v ]d-bp¶ ikv{X-{Inb sNbvXn-«nÃ. B kv{Xo Hm¸-td-j³ sNbvXp F¶ Hä hnizm-k-¯n-emWv F«p-hÀjw Pohn-¨-Xv.

{]mÀ°\, tbmK CsXÃmw tcmKw t`Z-am-Im³ klm-bn-¡p-sa¶v ]d-bp-¶pWvStÃm?

tbmK sNbvXm cà-k-©mcw IqSm³ km[y-X-bp-WvSv. ]t£ Hcp t»m¡v h¶m AXv amäm³ tbmKbpw {]mÀ°-\bpsam¶pw aXn-bm-hn-Ã. kÀPdn Xs¶ thWw. tcmKn-bpsS a\-Ênse tcmKw Ipd-bv¡m³ Hcp ]cn[n hsc kwKoXw sImWvSpw {]mÀ°\ sImWvSpw Ign-bpw. HcmÄ kvt\l-t¯msS ASp-¯n-cp¶v hÀ¯-am\w ]d-ªm Xs¶ tcmKn¡v henb Bizmkw In«pw.

Hcp tUmIvSÀ F§-s\-bmWv tcmKn-tbmSv s]cp-am-td-WvSXpw kwkm-cn-t¡-WvSXpw?

Fs¶ ]Tn¸n¨ tUmIvSÀ ss], At±lw duWvSvkv Ign-ªv t]mhp-t¼m- tcmKn-IÄ¡v F´m-izm-k-am-sWt¶m? tcmKn-bpsS ASp¯v Ipd-¨p-t\-c-an-cn-¡pw. Hcp ]p©n-cn-tbmsS Imcy-§Ä tNmZn-¨-dn-bpw. i_vZw Xmgv¯n Xam-i-IÄ ]d-bpw. tcmKn-bpsS ASp-¯n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ At±lw Xnc¡v ImWn-¡mdnÃ.

ikv{X-{In-b¡v ap³]v tcmKn-I-tfmSv Rm³ hyà-ambn kwkm-cn-¡m-dpWvSm-bn-cp-¶p. tcmKn-bpsS XI-cm-sds´¶pw AsX-§-s\-bmWv ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ t]mIp-¶-sX¶pw A]-I-S-km-[y-X-bp-sa-Ãmw.

ikv{X-{Inb sN¿p-t¼mÄ a\-Ên Fs´m-s¡-bmhpw DWvSm-hpI?

ikv{X-{Inb¡v X¿m-dm-bm ]ns¶ a\-Ên Ht¶-bp-WvSm-Iq. tcmKn-bpsS lrZbw. ]£n-sb As¼-¿m³ X¿m-sd-Sp-¡p¶ AÀPp-\sâ I®n ]£n-bpsS I®p-IÄ am{X-a-à DWvSm-bn-cp-¶-Xv. AXp-t]mse hoSn-s\-¡p-dn¨pw \½psS {]iv\-§sf¡pdn-¨p-sam¶pw Hm¸-td-j³ sN¿p-t¼mÄ Nn´n-¡m-dn-Ã.

ssI¸p-Wy-apÅ Hcp kÀP-\m-b-c-bn-cp¶-tÃm. F¶n-«p-sas´ Ct¸mÄ ikv{X-{Inbbn \n¶v amdn-\n¡p-¶-Xv?

aWn-¸m A¡m-Z-an-bpsS sshkvNm³k-e-dmbn NmÀsP-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ Ft¶mSv Chn-Sp-Å-hÀ Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cp-¶p, BgvN-bn Hcp Znhkw kÀPdn sN¿-W-sa¶v. Rm³ ]d-ªp, AXv icn-bm-hn-sÃ-¶v. A§s\ Hcp Znhkw t]mbn sN¿m-hp-¶-Xà Hm¸-td-j³.

Hm¸-td-j\v ap³]pw ]n³]pw tcmKn-tbmSv ]e-h«w kwkm-cn-t¡WvSn-hcpw. Hm¸-td-j\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hkvXp-¡sf¸änbpw IqsS \n¡p-¶-hsc¸änbpw Adn-b-Ww. F§-s\sb¦nepw Hm¸-td-j-³ Hgn-hm-¡m³ ]äp-tam-sb¶v Nn´n-¡-Ww. AÃm-sX, s]s«-s¶mcp Znhkw t]mbn.... A§s\ sN¿p-¶-h-cp-WvSv. Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn-em-bn. Fsâ Nne hnZymÀ°n-Ifnepw A§s\ sN¿p-¶-h-cpWvSv. ]t£ AsXm-¶p-a{X icn-b-Ã.

shfn-s¨® lrt{Zm-K-km-[yX Iq«ptam?

]pI-hen lrt{Zm-K-¯n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-sa¶v ]d-bp-¶-sX-´p-sImWvSmWv? ]pI-h-en-¡m-¯-hsc At]-£n¨v ]pI-h-en-¡p-¶-h-cn lrt{ZmKw IqSp-X-em-sW¶v ]T\w sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. A§-s\-sbmcp ]T\w shfn-s¨-®-bpsS Imcy-¯n \S-¶n-«n-Ã. am{X-a-Ã, Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cs¯ lrt{Zm-Kn-I-fpsS F®w \yqUÂln-bn-te-¡mÄ Ipd-hmWv F¶p R§Ä \S-¯nb Hcp ]T-\w IWvsS-¯n-bn-«p-ap-WvSv.

kv{XoIfn lrt{Zm-K-_m-[bv¡pÅ km[yX ]pcp-j-·msc At]-£n¨v Ipd-htÃ?

P\n-X-I-amb Imc-W-§-fm \ap¡v lrt{ZmKw hcm-\pÅ km[yX IqSp-X-em-sW-¶m-Wv ]pXnb IWvsS-¯Â. \½psS ico-c-¯nepÅ \à sImfkvt{Sm-fnsâ (F-¨v.-Un.-FÂ) Afhv Ipd-bp-Ibpw, No¯ sImf-kvt{Sm-fnsâ ( FÂ.-Un.-F ) Afhv IqSp-I-bp-am-W-t{X. AXp-t]mse DbÀ¶ cà-k-½À±w, Ac-s¡-«nsâ `mKs¯ h®-¡q-Sp-XÂ.... C³kp-en³ ico-c-t¯mSv s]mcp-¯-s¸-Sp-I-bp-an-Ã.

Kpj F¶ saenªp \oWvS s]¬Ip«n, tUm.-h-ey-¯msâ sk{I-«-dn, Iptd ^b-ep-I-fp-ambn I®m-Sn-¡q-«n-te¡v IS-¶p-h-¶p. tUm.-h-ey-¯m³ AXv hm§n sh¨p. AXp hsc t^m¬ sNbvX-h-cpsS \oWvS enÌv ]d-ªv Kpj Xncn¨p t]mbn.

Ct¸mÄ Cu \m«p-Im-c-\mbn AtÃ?

hoWnSw hnjvWptemIw. aWn-¸m \à Øe-am-Wv. aq¶p Intem-ao-äÀ t]mbm DUp-¸n-bm-bn. AhnsS IrjvWsâ Hcp A¼-e-apWvSv. ]t£, temI¯v Gähpw \à Øew amth-en-¡c Xs¶.

(1934þÂ amth-en-¡c cmP-Ip-Spw-_-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p hey-¯msâ P\\w)

Pohn-X-¯n \n¶v ]Tn¨-sX-´mWv?

Hcp Imcyw sN¿m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨m AXv ]qÀ®-a-\-tÊm-sS, Gähpw `wKn-bmbn sNbvXp XoÀ¡-Ww.