tIcf¯nse ]e BZnhmkn hn`mK§fpw hwi\miw h¶v AXnthKw A{]Xy£cmbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. kzm`mhnI PohnXcoXn aqeaà Cu hwi\miw. `cWIqS¯nsâbpw s]mXpkaql¯nsâbpw NqjWw aqeamsW¶pÅXmWv sR«n¸n¡p¶ hkvXpX.

]n.-sI.-{]Imiv

tIcf-¯nse ap¸-¯n-b©v BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-fn H¶mWv sImWvS-I-]p-kv. BsI P\-kwJy A©v. Hcp ]pcp-j\pw \mep- kv{Xo-I-fpw. kv{Xo ]pcpj A-\p]mXw (1,000 ]pcp-j³amÀ¡v) 4,000. P\-kwJy hÀ[-\-hv-þ-ssa-\kv 54.55 iX-am-\w. km£c-X 60 iX-am\w. ]pcp-j-km-£-cX 100 iX-am\w. kv{Xo km£-cX 50 iX-am-\w.

BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§sf¡pdn¨v ]T\hpw Kth-j-Whpw \S-¯p¶ InÀ¯mUv tIc-f-¯nse hnhn[ BZnhmkn hn`m-K-§sf¡pdn¨v 2003  \S-¯nb kÀth-bn IWvsS-¯nb hnh-c-am-Wn-Xv. tIc-f-¯nse BZn-hmkn hn`mK-§Ä hwi-\miw t\cn-Sp¶p F¶-Xnsâ sXfn-hv. Ipän-b-äp-t]m-Ip-¶Xv sImWvS-I-]pkv am{X-a-Ã. sIm¨p-th-e³, sImS, IpSn-b-þ-ta-e-¡p-Sn, alm-a-e-kÀ, ae-¡p-d-h³, ]fnb³, ]-Ån-b³, ]Ån-bmÀ F¶o hn`m-K-§fpw ASp¯ sk³kkv BIp-t¼m-tg¡pw Ncn{X¯nsâ `mK-amIpw F¶mWv InÀ¯m-Uvknsâ ]T\w ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]¯\wXn« Pn-Ã-bn am{Xw ImWp¶ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-amWv sIm¨p-th-e³. ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-¡p¶hÀ. BsI  ap¸-¯n-bm-dp-t]À. ]-Xn-s\«v BWpw ]Xn-s\«v s]®pw. tIc-f-¯nse BZn-hmkn P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 0.01 iX-am-\w. Xan-gv\mSv AXnÀ¯n-tbmSv tNÀ¶ h\-{]-tZ-i-§-fn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ sImS hn`m-K-¡m-cn ap¸-¯n-bmdv t]cmWv Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]Xn-t\gv BWpw ]s¯m-¼Xv s]®pw. ap³ sk³k-knsâ At]-£n¨v Ch-cpsS P\-kwJym hfÀ¨m \nc¡v ssa\kv 12.20 iX-am-\-am-Wv. 33.33 iX-am-\-amWv km£-c-X. ]pcp-j-km-£-cX 41.8 iX-am-\hpw kv{Xo km£-cX 26.32 iX-am-\hpw. ImkÀtKmUv `mK¯v ImW-s¸-Sp-X¶ IpSn-b-þ-ta-e-¡pSn hn`m-K-¯n 751 t]cmWv C\n-bp-Å-Xv. 381 BWpw 370 s]®pw. ]me-¡mSv PnÃ-bnse s\Ãn-bm-¼-Xn, ]d-¼n-¡p-fw, B\-ae h\-ta-J-e-bn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ alm-a-e-kÀ hn`m-K¡mcn 36 t]cmWv Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]Xn-\mev BWpw Ccp-]-¯n-cWvSv s]®pw. ]¯-\w-Xn-«, sImÃw PnÃ-I-fpsS h\-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Pohn-¡p¶ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-amWv ae-¡p-d-h³. 547 t]cn 292 BWpw 255 s]®pw. CSp¡n PnÃ-bn am{X-apÅ ]fn-b³, ]Ån-b³, ]Ån-bmÀ hn`m-K-§fpw hwi-\mi `oj-Wn-bn-em-Wv. ]fn-b-·mÀ 236 t]cm-Wv. 118 BWpw 118 s]®pw. 1,518 t]cpWvSv ]Ån-b-·mÀ. 773 BWpw 745 s]®pw 155 BWv ]Ån-bm-dpsS P\-kwJy. 79 BWpw 76 s]®pw Ch-cpsS P\-kwJym hÀ²\ \nc¡v ssa\kv 63.53 iX-am-\-am-Wv.

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw sk³kkpw

sk³kkv dnt¸mÀ«nsâ t]cn apÉow, {InkvXy³ P\-kwJy IqSns-b¶ hymP {]N-cWw DbÀ¯n hÀ¤o-bX ]SÀ¯m\mWv kwL ]cn-hmÀ {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. -F-¶m AhÀ tI{µ `cWw \S-¯n-s¡mWvSn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ \S-¸m-¡nb P\-kwJym \nb-{´W \b-¯nsâ `mK-am-bmWv Cu BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§Ä hwi-\m-i-¯n-te¡v Ip¸p-Ip-¯p-¶-Xv.

91 se sk³kkv {]Imcw kwØm\ P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 1.10 iXam\w BZn-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. 2001  1.14 iX-am-\-ambn hÀ²n¨p F¶mWv IW-¡v. 10 hÀjw sImWvSv 0.04 iX-am\w P\-kwJym hÀ²-\-bmWv BZn-hm-kn-I-fn DWvSm-b-sX¶v IW-¡p-IÄ ]d-bp-¶p. Gähpw IqSp-X hÀ²\ hb-\mSv PnÃ-bnepw Ipdhv ]¯\wXn« Pn-Ã-bn-ep-am-Wv. 0.04 iX-am-\-¯nsâ hÀ²\ NqWvSn-¡m«n BZn-hm-kn-IÄ¡v Hcp {]iv\hpw Csöpw Ah-cpsS P\-kwJy hÀ²n¨p F¶p-amWv kÀ¡mÀ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

tIc-f-¯nse BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy A\p-]mXw Ipdªp hcp-¶-Xm-bmWv IW--¡pIÄ ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv. 71 se sk³k-kn BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy 1.26 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-¶p. 81  CXv 1.3 iX-am-\-ambpw 91  1.01 iX-am\ambpw XmWp. 71  2,64,356 Bbn-cp-¶p BZn-hmkn P\-kw-Jy. 81  CXv 2,61,475 Bbn. 91  3,20, 967 Bbn. 2001  3,64,199 Bbn. CXv NqWvSn-¡m-«n-bmWv BZn-hm-kn-IÄ IqSp¶p F¶v kÀ¡mÀ {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnsâ hni-Zmw-i-§Ä tXSn-bm e`n¡p-¶Xv asämcp Nn{X-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

BZn-hm-kn-IÄ F¶ s]mXp-t]-cn A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-WvsS-¦nepw ap¸-¯nb©v BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§fpw hyXykvX PohnX coXn-IÄ ]peÀ¯p-¶--h-cmWv. B[p-\nI coXn-bn-epÅ Irjnsb B{ibn--¡p-¶-hÀ hfsc Ipdt¨ t]tcbpÅq. Ipdn-NyÀ, Ipdp-aÀ, ae-A-c-bÀ, F¶o hn`m-K-§Ä am{X-amWv ]c-¼-cm-KX Irjn-coXn ]n³Xp-S-cp-¶-Xv. ASn-bÀ,- ]-Wn-b³, C-c-hm-e³, Ccp-fÀ, apXp-IÀ F¶n-hÀ h\-ta-J-e-bn \n¶v IpSn-bn-d-¡-s¸«v IÀjI sXmgn-em-fn-I-fmbn am-dn. {]mà\ tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä ({]nan-äohv ss{S_vkv) t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§Ä CXn\p ]pd-tabmWv. ae-A-c-b-tcbpw Ipdn-Ny-tcbpw t]mse `qanbpw hnZym-`ym-khpw sXmgnepw e`n¨ ]c-¼-cm-KX BZn-hmkn PohnX coXn-I-fn \n¶v aäp hyXykvX Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn-te¡v amäs¸« hn-`m-K-§-fn am{X-amWv P\-kwJym hÀ²\ DWvSm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. sXmgnÂ, `qan, hnZym-`ymkw, BtcmKyw, hoSv F¶o taJ-e-I-fn ChÀ t\Snb hfÀ¨ Ip«n-Isf DÂ]m-Zn-¸n-¡m\pw t]män hfÀ¯m\pw DÅ tijn hÀ²n-¸n-¨p. AXp-sImWvSv Xs¶ Cu hn`m-K-§-fn P\-kwJym hÀ²\ DWvSm-bn. ap¸-¯©v BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-fn At©m Btdm hn`m-K-§-fn-ep-WvSmb Cu hÀ²\ sam¯w BZn-hmkn hn`m--K-§-fn DWvSmb hÀ²-\-bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn¨v hwi-\miw t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä Nn-{X-¯n \n¶v ad¨p h¡p-I-bmWv kÀ¡mÀ sN¿p-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv ASp¯ sk³kkv BIp-t¼m-tg¡pw ap¸-¯n-b©v BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§Ä F¶-Xv Ccp-]¯nbt©m Ccp-]tXm Bbn Npcp-§pw. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v 71 se ssek³kn Xs¶ ae-b--I­n,hn-i-hÀ F¶o BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§Ä hwi-\miw t\cn-«-Xn-\m ]«nI hÀ¤ enÌn \n¶v \o¡w sN¿-s¸«p. Cu hn`m-K-¯n s]« Hcm-sf-t]mepw sk³k-kn IWvsS-¯m³ Ign-ªn-sö Imc-W-¯m-em-bn-cp¶p AXv.

{]mà\ tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä kwL-SnX Irjn coXn Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼pÅ Ah-Øbn Pohn-¡p¶ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§sfbmWv {]mà\ tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä F¶p hntijn¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. tNme-\m-bn-¡³, Ipdp-¼À, Im«p-\m-bn-¡À, ImSÀ, sImd-IÀ F¶o A©v {]mà\ tKm{X hÀ¤-§-fmWv tIc-f-¯n-ep-ÅXv. BsI BZn-hmkn P\-kw-JypsS 5 iX-am\w. Im«p-\m-bn-¡-·mÀ {][m-\-ambpw hb-\mSv PnÃ-bn-emWv. ae-¸pdw tImgn-t¡mSv PnÃ-bnepw Ipd¨p t]cp-WvSv. tNme-\m-bn-¡³amÀ ae-¸pdw PnÃ-bnse \ne-¼qÀ h\m-´-c-§-fn am{X-am-Wp-Å-Xv. XriqÀ ]me-¡mSv Pn-Ã-I-fn hcp¶ ]d-¼n-Ipfw s\Ãn-bmw-]Xn h\-ta-J-e-bn-emWv ImSÀ hn`m-K-ap-Å-Xv. A«-]mSnbnemWv Ipdp-¼À. sImd-IÀ ImkÀtKmUv PnÃ-bnepw Ch-cn Gähpw km£-cXm \nc¡v Ipdhv tNme-\m-bn-¡cnem-Wv. 9.17 iX-am\w {]an-d-dohv ss{S_vkns\ Ipdn¨v ss{S_ Uh-e-¸vsaâv Ubd-IvS-tdäv 2002  \S-¯nb ]T\-a-\p-k-cn¨v Ch-cpsS F®w 384 am{X-am-Wv. 206 ]pcp-j-·mcpw 178 kv{XoI-fpw. BsI 88 IpSpw-_-§Ä. Ipdp-¼-cpsS F®w 1,602. 819 ]pcp-j-·mcpw 753 -kv{Xo-I-fpw. 32.36 iX-am-\-amWv km£-cXm \nc¡v. 332 IpSpw-_-§-fn-embn ChÀ Xma-kn-¡p-¶p. ImSÀ 1472 t]cpWvSv. 744 ]pcp-j-·mcpw 728 kv{XoIfpw 407 IpSpw-_-§-fn-em-bmWv ChÀ Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. sImd-I-cpsS F®w 1349.

hwi-\m-i-¯n\p ]n¶nÂ

BZn-hmkn P\-kw-J-ybn kw`-hn-¡p¶ CSn-hn-s\m¸w BZn-hmkn A[n-hmk taJ-e-I-fn BZn-hmkn CXc hn`m-K-§Ä `qcn]-£-am-Ip¶p. A«-]m-Sn-bmWv Gähpw \à DZm-l-c-Ww. a{Zmkv dh\yq t_mÀUv 47  \S¯nb kÀsÆ A\p-k-cn¨v A«-]m-Sn-bnse BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy ]Xn-\m-bn-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. BZn-hm-kn-I-f-Ãm-¯-h-cpsS F®w Ccp-\q-dn Xmsg am{Xw. BZn-hmkn P\-kwJym iX-am\w 90.32. 91 se sk³k-kn A«-]mSnbn BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy sam¯w P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 39 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-ªp. BZnhmkn P\-kwJym hÀ²\ 2 37 iX-am\w am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. BZnhmkn-I-f-Ãm-¯-h-cpsS P\-kw-Jy-bn Cu Ime-L-«-¯n 11.8 iX-am\w hfÀ¨ \nc¡v -Im-W-s¸-«p. 2001 se kÀsÆ A\p-k-cn¨v hb-\mSv PnÃ-bn BZnhmkn P\-kw-Jy-bn h¶ amäw BZn-hmkn A[n-hmk taJ-eIÄ CXc hn`m-K-§Ä ]qÀ®-ambn I¿-S¡n F¶v sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. hb-\mSv PnÃ-bnse 26 ]©m-b-¯p-I-fn tIm«-¯d \qÂ]pg Xncp-s\-Ãn F¶o {Kma--]-©m-b-¯p-I-fn am{X-amWv BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy icnbmb A\p-]m-X-¯n \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xv. tIm«-¯-d-bn BsI P\-kwJy 16636 BWv. -BZnhmkn-IÄ 6600. 27.66 iX-am-\-amWv BZn-hmkn P\-kwJy. \qÂ]pg {Kma-]-©m-b-¯n 26184 BWv BsI P\-kw-Jy. BZn-hm-kn-IÄ 10288. iX-am\w. 39.29. Xncp-s\Ãn]©m-b-¯n 27,480 BWv BsI P\-kwJy. BZn-hm-kn-IÄ 11,178. 40.72 iX-am\w. Gähpw IqSp-X ]Wn-b-cm-Wv. Ipdp-a\pw Ipdn-Ny-cp-amWv sXm«-Sp¯v \n¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp Ime¯v BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS tI{µ-am-bn-cp¶ hb-\mSv PnÃ-bn BZn-hm-kn-IÄ \q\-]-£-ambn amdn-¡-gnªp F¶À°w.

`qcn-`mKw BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§fpw hwi-\miw t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn\p ]n¶n kmaqly {]iv\-§Ä Xs¶-bmWv Imc-Ww. h\-ta-J-e-bn kz´-amb k¼¯v hyh-Øbpw PohnX ]²-Xnbpw kwkvIm-chpw DWvSm-bn-cp¶ BZn-hm-kn-IÄ AXn \n¶v ]dn-s¨-dn-b-s¸-«-XmWv {][m\ Imc-Ww. `qan-bpw D]-Po-h-\-amÀ¤hpw \jvS-s¸-«-XmWv P\-kw-Jy-bn Ip¯s\ CSn-hp-WvSm-¡n-b-Xv. `qan, sXm-gn hnZym-`ymkw BtcmKy ]cn-c£ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS A`mhw `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâbpw s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯n-sâbpw NqjWw F¶nh GXp hn`m-K-s¯bpw CÃmbva sN¿pw.