FIvkv{]kv sslth \nÀ½mW¯n-\mbn sNe-hn-Sp¶ ]W-¯nsâ sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w XpI-sImWvSv \n-e-hn-epÅ ]mX-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw IqSp-X anI¨Xm¡pIbpw sN¿mw.

kz´w teJI³


507 Intem-ao-äÀ \of-¯nepw 100 aoäÀ hoXn-bnepw 7 aoäÀ Db-c-¯nepw tIc-f-¯n\v GXmWvSv \Sp-hn-eqsS ]nfÀ¶p \o§p¶ cmP-]m-Xsb Ipdn-¨mWv tIc-f-¯n C-t¸mÄ \S-¡p¶ NÀ¨-IÄ. tI-cfw bYmÀ°-¯n Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hnI-k-\-¯nsâ icn-bmb apJ-am-Wn-sX¶pw, FIvkv{]Êv sslth tIcfs¯ temI-¯nse Gähpw hnI-kn-¡-s¸« CS-§-fpsS ]«n-I-bn F¯n-¡p-sa¶pw FIvkv{]Êv sslth sImWvSp hcp-sa¶v ZrV-\n-Ý-b-sa--Sp-¯n-«p-Å-hÀ ]d-bp-¶p. tIcfw t]msemcp kwØm-\¯v XoÀ¯pw `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hy-Xy-kvX-amb Øe-§-fnse hnI-k\ amXr-I-IÄ AtX-]Sn ]dn¨p \Sp-¶Xv F{Xtbm henb Pt\m-]-{Z-h-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v NneÀ NqWvSn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. Zqc hym]-I-am-bn- D­mtb-¡m-hp¶ h³ ]cn-ØnXn {]Xym-Lm-X-§-sfbpw ChÀ NqWvSn¡mWn-¨p-X-cp-¶p. 

2004 P\p-h-cn-bn-emWv tIcf-kÀ¡mÀ FIvkv{]Êv sslth \nÀ½n¡Ww F¶ Xocp-am-\-¯n-se-¯n-b-Xv,. F¶m CXn\p apt¶ CSXp P\m-Xn-]-Xy-ap-¶Wn `c-W-Im-e¯p Xs¶ FIvkv{]Êv sslth-sb-¡p-dn¨v {]mY-anI Btem-N-\-IÄ \S-¶n-cp¶p. 40 hÀj-§Ä¡-¸pdw tIcfw C¶p-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ P\-km-{µXtbdnb {]tZ-iamIp-sa¶pw A¶v FIvkv{]Êv sslth A{X-ta Bh-iy-amb H¶m-Ip-sa-¶p-amWv sslth hc-Wsa¶v ]d-bp-¶-hÀ hmZn-¡p-¶Xv. F¶m icmicn A¼Xv Intem-ao-äÀ am{Xw hoXn-bn \oWvSp InS-¡p¶ tIc-fs¯ s\SpsI ]nfÀ¶p sImWvSm-bn-cn¡pw Cu cmP]mX IS¶p t]mhp-I-sb-¶Xv A{X-ta hyà-am-Wv. ImkÀtKmUv PnÃ-bnse Nmen-§-en \n¶v Bcw-`n¨v Xncp-h-\´-]pcw PnÃ-bnse Ig¡q«¯v A-h-km-\n-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv Cu hgn. 101 {Kma-]-©m-b-¯p-I-tfbpw Hcp ap\nkn-]m-en-än-tbbpw Iodn apdn-¨mWv Cu s\Sp-¦³ ]mX IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv. tIcfw F¶v \mw hnfn-¡p¶ Cu {]tZiw FIvkv{]Êv sslth-bpsS hc-hn\v tijw C¶s¯t¸mse-bm-bn-cn-¡n-söv \qdp-i-X-am\w Dd-¸v.. C¶se hsc ]c-kv]cw IWvSp Pohn¨, hyXym-k-§Ä¡n-S-bnepw GIX kq£n¨ Hcp P\-Xsb AXv Fs¶t¶¡p-ambn ]nfÀ¯n amäpw. 3.18 tImSn P\kwJybpÅ tIcfw c-WvSmbn amdpw.

FIvkv{]Êv sslth-bpsS D]-tZ-i Icmdm-bn tIcf kÀ¡mÀ sXc-sª-Sp¯ ate-jy-bnse eo Atkm-kn-tbävkv IW-¡m-¡nb sam¯w ]²Xn sNehv 4642 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. CXn 3250 tImSn cq] A´ÀtZ-iob km¼-¯nI Øm]-\-§-fn \n¶pw IS-ambn FSp-¡m-\m-Wv \nÝ-bn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. CXn-\À°w FIvkv{]Êv sslth-bpsS t]cn tIc-fo-bÀ hoWvSpw IS-¡mcmIpw F¶Xv Xs¶-bm-Wv. kÀ¡mÀ ap³ssI-s¿-Sp-¯mWv sslth \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-sX-¦nepw kÀ¡m-cnsâ IqsS apX apS-¡p¶ kzImcy I-¼-\n-¡mÀ¡mhpw ]n¶oSv sslth-bpsS DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw F¶v IW-¡p-IÄ hyà-am-¡p-¶p. CXn-\mbn BZyw IW-¡m-¡nb 4642 tImSn Ct¸mÄ aq¶n-c-«n-sb-¦nepw Bbn DbÀ¶n-«pWvSv. kwØm\s¯ Hcp ]uc\v CX-\p-k-cn¨v F{Xbv¡v IqSp-X km¼-¯nI _m[yX hcp-¶pWvSm-Ip-sa¶v IW¡v Iq«n t\m¡p-I.

]²Xn \S-¸n hcp-t¼mÄ 3,000 tesd IpSpw-_-§Ä AhÀ Xma-kn-¡p¶ CS-§-fn \n¶pw Hgn-ªp-t]m-tIWvSn hcp-sa¶v kÀ¡mÀ IW-¡p-I-fn Xs¶ ]d-bp-¶p. F¶m 12,000 tImSn IpSpw-_-§-sf-sb¦nepw Cu ]²Xn hgn-bm-[m-c-am-¡p-sa¶v kzX{´ GP³kn--I-fpsS kÀtÆ-IÄ NqWvSn-¡m-«p-¶p. aq¶p L«-§-fn-em-bmWv ]Wn ]qÀ¯n-bm-hp-I-sb¶v kÀ¡mÀ ]d-bp-¶p. 2012  sslth ]qÀ¯n-bm-hp-sa¶pw kÀ¡mÀ hyà-am-¡n-bn-«pWvSv. h³ P\-tcm-j-ap-bÀ¶-Xn-\p-tijw Ct¸mÄ P\§fn t_m[-h¡-cWw \S-¯nb tijta ]²-Xn-bp-ambn apt¶m«v t]mIq F¶- \ne-]m-Sn kÀ¡mÀ F¯n-bn-«pWvSv. tIc-f-¯n s]cp-In-h-cp¶ tdmU-]-I-S-§Ä Ipdbv¡psa¶-XmWv sslthsb Ipdn-¨pÅ asäm-cp Ah-Im-i-hm-Zw. F¶m A]-S-I-§-fpsS Imcy-¯n Ipd-hpWvSm-hn-söpw IW-¡p-IÄ hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

]Ån-¸pdw (-Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cpw), Ipf-a-S, Ggp-tIm¬ (sIm-Ãw),Ipf-\-S, Cc-hn-t]-cqÀ, (]-¯-\w-Xn-«), ]m¼m-Sn, Ipd-hn-e-§mSv (tIm-«-bw), ]p¯³Ip-cn-iv, A¯mWn (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw) ItÃäpw Ic, ]me-bv¡Â, ]md-¶qÀ (Xr-iqÀ), tIm«-¡Â, ]pfn-¡Â (a-e-¸p-dw), Ipµ-aw-Kew, apWvtSmSv (tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv) ]m¨-s¸mbvI, Icn-¼w (I-®qÀ) Nmen-¦Â (Im-kÀtIm-Uv) F¶o ]s¯m-¼Xv Øe-§-fn am{X-am-bn-cn¡pw FIvkv{]-Êvssl-th-bn-te¡v IS-¡m-\pÅ {]th-i\ kwhn[m-\-§-fpWvSm-hp-I. Ggp-ao-äÀ Db-c-¯n Cu ]s¯m-¼-Xn-S-§-fn am{Xw {]th-i\ kw-hn-[m-\-apÅ Cu ]mX tIc-fs¯ apdn-¡p-sa-¶-dn-bm³ efn-X-amb bpàn am{Xw aXn. C¸dª 19 CS-§-fn IqSn am{X-amWv sslth-bn-te¡v {]th-i\sa¶-Xn-\m sslth IS¶p t]mIp¶bnS-§-fn Ct¸mÄ H¶n¨p Pohn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v sslth h¶m ]c-kv]cw ImWm³ cWvSv Intem aoä-tdmfw bm{X sNt¿WvSn hcpw. tIc-f-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI kwhn-[m-\-¯n\v ta I\¯ BLm-X-ta-ev]n-¨p-sIm-WvSmhpw sslth h-cp-¶-sX-¦n AXp-WvSm-hp-Isb¶À°w.

tIc-f-¯nse FIvkv{]kv sslthbv¡v amXr-I-bm-bn-cp¶ apwss_ þ ]qs\ FIvkv{]-knsâ ]cm-Pbw kÀ¡m-cn\v ]mT-am-tIWvS-Xm-Wv. cWvS-c-a-Wn-¡qÀ ka-bhpw CÔ-\hpw em`n-¡m-sa¶v ]d-ªmWv apwss_-þ-]qs\ ]mX kÀ-¡mÀ \nÀ½n-¨-Xv. bYmÀ°-¯n 40 an\p«p am{X-amWv kab em`-ap-WvSm-b-Xv. CÔ-\-em`w FSp¯p ]d-bm-hp¶ hn[-¯n DWvSm-b-Xp-an-Ã. B A-Xn-thK -]mX Ct¸mÄ Ahn-Ss¯ kÀ¡m-cn\v Xe-th-Z-\-bm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpam-Wv.

sslth-bv¡mbn IpSn-sbm-gn-¸n-t¡WvSn -h-cp¶ P\-X-bm-bn-cn¡pw `mhn-bnse Gähpw henb tNmZy-Nn-Ó-§-fn-sem¶v. X§Ä hÀj-§Ä Pohn¨ Bhm-k hyhØbn \n¶v ]dn¨p amtäWvSn hcp¶ Hcp P\-X¡v F´p \ÂIn-bmepw AXp aXnbmb \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã. 1758 tImSn cq] ]p\-c-[n-h-kn¡s¸tSWvS-hÀ¡v thWvSn amän- sh-¡p-sa¶v kÀ-¡mÀ ]d-bp-¶pWv-S­-¦nepw CXv C¶s¯ \nc-¡n t]mepw ]cym-]vX-am-hn-Ã.

FIvkv{]Êv sslth \qdp hÀj-§Ä¡-¸pdw P\-§Ä¡v AXym-h-iy-am-hp-sa¶v ]d-bp¶ kÀ¡mÀ kuI-cy-]qÀÆw ad-¡p-¶Xv CXv ]cn-Øn-Xn-¡pWvSm-¡p¶ \nI-¯m-\m-hm¯ \jvS-§-fm-Wv. hnI-k-\-¯nsâ t]cn X§Ä DWvSm-¡nb ]cn-ØnXn \jvS-§Ä a\-Ên-em¡n hnI-knX cmjv{S§Ä t]mepw {]IrXn kwc-£n-¡m-\mbn hnhn[ ]²-Xn-IÄ \S-¸n-em-¡p-t¼m-gmWv, ssZh--¯nsâ \mSv F¶v tIc-fs¯ SqdnÌv t{_mj-dpIfnse-Ãmw hnti-jn-¸n¨p sImWvSv Xs¶ kÀ¡mÀ Cu ]cn-ØnXn]mX-I-¯n\v Xp\n-bp-¶-Xv. 150 tImSn L\-ao-äÀ a®mWv AXn-thK ]mX-bpsS \nÀ½mW¯n\v thWvSn-h-cp-I. CXn-\mbn Ct¸m-Ä _m¡n-bpÅ Ip¶pw aeIfpw CSn¨p \nc-t¯WvSn hcpw. 200 Hmfw sNdp \Zn-I-tfbpw Acp-hn-I-tfbpw CÃm-Xm-¡nbpw apdn¨p amän-bp-amWv sslth-bpsS hc-hpWvSm-hp-I. ]mS-§Ä \nI-¯-s¸Spw. ]mcn-Øn-XnI k´p-e-\-¯n\v CXp-h-gn `oa-amb XI-cmdm-WpWvSm-hp-I. Pew Gähpw -A-aq-ey-hpw, ZpÀe`-hp-ambn amdn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Cu Ime¯v kzm`m-hn-I-amb \oscm-gp¡v XIÀ¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw `qKÀ` Pew CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶Xpw F{X-h-enb ]mX-I-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw HmÀ¯p t\m¡p-I, \qdp hÀj-§Ä¡-¸p-d-apÅ -`m-hn-X-e-ap-dbv¡v Bh-iy-ambn hcp¶ Hcp FIvkv{]Êv sslth-bv¡mbn \½fnÃm-Xm-¡p¶ ]pgIfpw Ip¶p-Ifpw `mhn-bnse Hcp Xe-ap-dsb Xs¶ Akm-[y-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡p-I-bm-WpWvSm-hp-I.

C{X-ta Pt\m-]-{Z-hI-cambn hcp¶ Cu FIvkv{]Êv sslth BÀ¡m-bn-cn¡pw {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-I? XoÀ¨-bmbpw tI-c-f-¯nse km[m-c-W-¡m-c\v AXp {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sn-Ã. sslth \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]Ww kÀ¡mcn\v IS-sa-Sp-¡p-I-b-ÃmsX \nÀhm-l-anÃ-. _n H Sn (_nÂSv, Hm¸-td-äv, {Sm³kv^À) ASn-Øm-\-¯n \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ sslth h¶m h³XpI tSmÄ C\-¯n ]ncn-s¨-Sp-t¡-WvSn-h-cpw. apS-¡nb ]Ww Xncn¨p In«m³ Hcp Znhkw aq¶c tImSn cq]-sb-¦nepw Xncn¨p Int«WvSn-h-cpw. AXn-\m Xs¶ Cu `oa³ ]mX bm{X-bv¡mbn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v AXn\v h³Xp-I-bmWv Np¦-ambn \ÂtIWvSn-h-cn-I. A-Xn-\m Xs¶ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ ]gb \nc-¯p-IÄ Xs¶ Aku-I-cy-§sfm-sS-bm-sW-¦nepw D]-tbm-Kn-¡pw. Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯v \n¶v ImkÀtIm-t«¡v A©p aWn-¡qÀ sImWvSv Xs¶ Ft¯WvS Bh-iy-ap-Å-hÀ tIc-f-¯nsâ kwJy-bn XpÑ-am-b-Xn-\m At\Iw t]cpsS InS-¸mSw CÃm-Xm-¡n-sb-¯p¶ Cu AXn-thK ]mX Hcp sNdp \yq\--]£w am{X-am-Wv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I.

FIvkv{]kv sslth \nÀ½mW¯n-\mbn sNe-hn-Sp¶ ]W-¯nsâ sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w XpI-sImWvSv \n-e-hn-epÅ ]mX-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw IqSp-X anI¨Xm¡pIbpw sN¿mw. \ne-hn-ep-Å tZiob ]mX-IÄ \mep hcn ]mX-I-fmbn hnI-kn-¸n-¡mw. NqWvSn¡m«-s]-Sp¶ asäm¶v \½psS Pe-]m-X-IÄ hnIkn¸n-¡m-sa-¶-Xm-Wv. hymh-kmbnI ImÀjnI taJ-e-I-fp-tSXv am{X-a-Ã. Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-¯n\pw Pe-]m-X-I-fpsS hnI-k\w B¡w Iq«pw.