BImi¯p \n¶v F³tUmkÄ^m³ Xfn¡p¶Xv aqew ImkÀtKms« {Kma§Ä A\p`hn¡p¶Xv.

kz´w teJ-I³.

ImkÀtKmUp ]«-W-¯n \n¶v 32 In.-ao. AI-se-bmWv ]mZvsc {Kmaw. B {Kmaw CS-¡nsS hmÀ¯m-am-[y-a-§-fn IS-¶p-h-cp-¶p. F³tUmÄ^m³ F¶ IoS-\m-in\n BIm-i-¯n-eqsS s]bvXn-d-§nb Hcp ]nt¶m¡ {Kma-am-Wn-Xv. AhnsS Ak-m-[m-c-Whpw `bm-\-I-hp-amb coXn-bn tcmK-§Ä s]cp-Ip-¶p. Cu Zpc-´m-\p-`-h-§Ä¡v F³tUmÄ^m-\p-ambn hà _Ô-apWvtSm? imkv{Xo-b hniI-e-\-¯n-eqsS am{Xsa Cu ktµ-ls¯ t\cn-Sm-\m-hq. A\p-`-h-§fpw kml-N-cy-§-fpw, ]Ým-¯-ehpw km[y-X-I-fpw, sXfn-hp-I-f-p-saÃmw tIc-f-¯nsâ ap¼n-epWvSv. Chsb Iq«n-bn-W-¡m-\pw, ]Tn-¡m-\pw, Hcp \nK-a-\-¯n-se-¯m\pw {]mY-an-I-amb imkv{Xob-[m-c-W-IÄ sImWvSp Xs¶ km[y-am-Wv. cmjv{Sob Bi-b-§Ä¡pw cmjv{Sob ]£-]m-X-§Ä¡pw C¡m--cy-¯n H¶pw sN¿m-\n-Ã.
s\Ãv, Im¸n, ]cp¯n, ]g-hÀ¤§Ä,F® hn¯p-IÄ, Dcp-f¡ng§v, Nmb ]¨-¡dn XpS-§nb IrjnIsf -B-{I-an-¡p¶ Hcp Iq«w IoS-§Ä¡pw {]mWn-IÄ¡pw FXnsc F³tUmkÄ^m³ Hcp XoWvS hnj-ambn D]-tbm-Kn¨p hcp-¶p. ac-§Ä Ip¯Â hcmsX kq£n-¡m\pw CXv Xfn-¡m-dpWvSv. Hcp IoS-\m-in\n kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Hcp hnj-am-Wv. F³tUmkÄ^m-\m-sW¦n Hcp cm-k-Io-S-\m-in-\n-bm-Wv. CXn AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ {][m\ cmk-hkvXp HmÀKmt\mt¢mdn³ BWv. SÀ¸ânb-\mSv kZr-i--amb aW-apÅ F³tUmkÄ^msâ \ndw Im¸ntbm AXnsâ t\À¯ hI-t`-Ztam BWv. cWvSpXcw an{inX cq]-§-fn CXv tIcfaS-¡-apÅ amÀ¡-än e`n¡p-¶p.

temIm-tcm-Ky-kw-L-S\ CXns\ cWvSmwapd hnj--§-fpsS hIp-¸n BWv DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m Ata-cn-¡-bnse {]IrXn kwc-£W GP³kn-bm-Is« CXns\ H¶v _n. KW-¯n s]Sp-¯p-¶p. tIc-f-¯n F´p-sImWvtSm C¯cw Xcw Xncn-hp-IÄ CÃ. "ssZhw 91 aqe-I-§Ä krjvSn-¨p. a\p-jy³ Hcp Uk-\ne[nIw aqe-I-§sf thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¯p. ]t£ sNIp-¯m³ Htc-sbmcp aqeIw krjvSn-¨p; AXmWv t¢mdn³,' t¢mdnsâ amc-I-^--e-I-§sf ]cn-K-Wn¨v imkv{X-Ú³amÀ Xs¶ ]d-ªp-sh¨ hm¡p-I-fm-Wn-Xv. 1774  hnP-ew-jnse F¶ kzoUnjv imkv{X-Ú\mWv "sNIp-¯msâ krjvSn' bmb hmXIw thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp¯Xv. CtX t¢mdn³ Xs¶-bmWv F³tUmÄ^m-\nepw AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]mcnØn-XnI {]iv\-§Ä DWvSm-¡n-b-Xp-aqew Dev]m-Z-\hpw D]-t`m-Khpw \nÀ¯n-sh¨ Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-c-fn 40 iX-am-\-¯n IqSp-Xepw t¢mdn³ AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv.

t¢mdn³ cmk-{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS ImÀ_-Wp-ambn {]Xn-{]-hÀ¨n-«mWv ssPh-t¢m-dn³ DWvSm--hp-¶-Xv. hn`-Pn-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯Xpw A´-co-£-¯nepw ico-c-¯nepw \in-¡msX \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv ssPh-t¢m-dn³. CXv shůn Aen-bp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mt--fsd Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-¯nse sImgp-¸n Aen-bp-¶p. AXn-\m ssPh-hÀ²\w F¶ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS ico-c-¯n CXnsâ Afhv hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. `£y-irw-J-e-bn Hcp cmk-hkvXp I-b-dn-¸-äp-¶-Xn-eqsS B hkvXp¡Ä Xn¶p¶ Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-¯n AXv F¯p-Ibpw AhnsS \ne-\n¡p-Ibpw tXmXv IqSn-h-cp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-XmWv ssPh hfÀ¨ F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ImkÀtKms« Iip-amhv tXm«-§-fnepw IWvSXv Cu e£-W-§-fm-Wv.

t¢mdn³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ^mIvS-dn-I-fnse sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡n-S-bn \S-¯nb At\z-j-§-fnÂ, ssPh-t¢m-dn-\p-am-bpÅ _Ôw Im³kÀ t]mepÅ tcmK-§Ä¡v ImcW-am-b-Xmbn \nco-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«pWvSv. kv{XoI-fn KÀ`w Ae-km-\pÅ km[yX aq¶n-c-«n-bm-Wv. amkw XnI-bmsX {]k-hn-¡p¶ kz`m-hhpw IqSp-X-em-Wv. ico-c-¯n t¢mdnsâ ssPh-hÀ²-\-bpÅ kv{Xo-IÄ¡v P\n-¡p¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v `mc-¡p-dhv am{X-a-Ã. sNdnb Xe, Ipdp-Inb ssIIm-ep-IÄ XpS-§nb sshI-ey-§fpw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. C¯cw Ip«n-IÄ¡v _p²n-i-ànbpw {Kl-W-i-ànbpw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-¡pw. C´y-bn \S-¯nb Hcp ]T-\-¯n Nm]n-Å-I-fn-epw, Ip«n-I-fpsS s]m¡nÄsIm-Snbnepw A½-bpsS cà-¯nepw ssPh-t¢m-dnsâ km¶n²yw IWvsS-¯nbn«pWvSv.

F³tUmkÄ^m³ Xfn-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-§-fnse Bfp-I-fpsS ico-c-¯n HmÀKmt\m t¢mdnsâ \nc-´-c-amb ssPh-hÀ²-\hv \S-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ^e-ambn A¯-c-¡m-cpsS hr-¡-IÄ XI-cm-dm-Ip-¶p. ]pcp-j-_o-P-¯nsâ tijn-¡p-d-hv, hrj-W-§-fnepw t{]mtÌäv {KÙn-I-fn-epapÅ AÀ_p-Zw, ]pcpj ssew-Ko-Im--h-b-h-¯n-epÅ tcmK-§Ä, kv{XoI-fnse kvX\mÀ_p-Zw, P-\n-XI sshIeyw XpS-§nb IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS \nc-´-c-amb D]-tbm-K-am-sW¶v imkv{X-tem-I¯p Xs¶ A`n-{]m-b-apWvSv. HmÀKmt\m t¢mdn³ arK-§-fpsS tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xmbpw Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-¯nse tlmÀtam¬ hnL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xmbpw sXfn-ªn-«pWvSv.

F³tUmÄ^m³ Xfn¨ ]¨-¡-dn-Ifpw ]g-hÀ¤-§fpw `£n-¡p-I, Xfn¨ a®p-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I, Xfn¨ {]tZ-i-§-fnse shÅw IpSn-¡p-I, B shÅ-¯nse ao³ Xn¶p-I, B Øes¯ hmbp izkn-¡p-I, Ahn-Ss¯ A´-co-£-¯n Pohn-¡pI F¶o amÀ¤-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ico-c-¯n HmÀKm-t\m-t¢m-dn³ F¯ns¸Sp-¶Xpw ssPhÀ²-\hv \S-¡p-¶-Xpw shÅ-¯nepw ]ghÀ¤§-fnepw Ie-cp¶ F³tUmÄ-^msâ hocyw aq¶p apX Ggp Znhkw hsc \ne-\n¡p-¶p. ]t£ a¬Iq-\-I-fn Cu Ime-b-fhv 60 apX 800 Znhkw hsc-bm-Wv.

F³tUmkÄ^m³ \mUo-R-c-¼p-Isf {I-am-Xo-X-ambn Dt¯-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶p. {[pX-K-Xn-bp-ÅXpw Xmf-¸n-g-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb Ne-\-§Ä, hn-d-bÂ, izmk-K-Xn-bn hyXn-bm\w, Dan-\oÀ Hen-¡Â, hnfÀ¨, sX¶n-s¯-¶n-bpÅ \S-¯w, Fgpt¶Â¡m³ Ign-bmbva, NÀ±n, hb-dn-f-¡w, hnf-dn-]n-Sn¨ s]-cp-amäw, Cf-¡w, t_m[£bw F¶n-h-sbm-s¡-bmWv s]s«-¶pÅ hnj-_m-[-bpsS e£-W-§Ä. \nc-´-c-amb hnj-_m[ ap³]v ]d-ª-Xp-t]m-epÅ amc-I-amb tcmK-§Ä¡v hgn-sh-¡p-Ibpw ]ip, BSv, ]¶n XpS-§nbhbn A-Ô-X-bpWvSm-¡pIbpw sN¿p-¶p.

]mZvscbn \mUo-þ-hyqlþ-a-kvXnjvI tcmK-§Ä IqSp-X-embn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. CXns\ Ipdn¨v tUm.-ssh.-F-kv. taml³Ip-amÀ hn-i-Z-amb ]T\w \S-¯p-I-bpWvSm-bn. 2001 s^{_p-hcnbn ]mZvsc hntÃ-Pnsâ \mep In.-ao-äÀ Npä-f-hn-epÅ 400 hoSp-I-fn \S-¯nb Hcp BtcmKy kÀsÆ-bn 2000 B-fp-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bpw, 102 hoSp-I-fn-embn 202 tcmKn-Isf IWvsS-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 4 hoSp-I-fn 3 t]À hoXw tcmKn-Ifmbn--cp-¶p. apgp-h³ AwK-§fpw (5 t]À hoXw) tcmKn-I-fmb cWvSv hoSp-Ifpw 2 IqSp-X t]À tcmKn-I-fmb 48 hoSp-Ifpw DWvSm-bn-cp-¶p. 7 t]À acn-¨Xv Im³kÀ _m[n-¨m-bn-cp¶p. 9 t]À¡v am\-knI tcmKw, 6 t]À¡v A]-kvamcw, 26 t]À¡v _p²n-am-µyw, 4 t]À¡v P\-\-ssh-Ieyw, 7 t]À¡v aäp-tcm-K-§Ä þ C-§-s\-bm-bn-cp-¶p tcmK-_m-[n-X-cpsS IW-¡p-IÄ. F³a-I-sP, IpwPw-ssZ, BZqÀ, aptÅ-cn-b, s]cnb F¶o -AÂ{Km-a-§-fnse \nhm-kn-Ifpw GXmWvSv CtX Afhn tcmK-_m-[n-X-cm-Wv.

t¢mdn³, ssPh-t¢m-dn³ Ah-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hyh-km-b-im-e-IÄ, Ah tNÀ¯pWvSm-¡p¶ Io-S-\m-in-\n-IÄ, Ah-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cpsS tcmK-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ im-kv{Xo-b-amb Adn-hp-Ifpw ]mZvsc{Kmaw {]tXy-I-ambn \ÂIp¶ A\p-`-h--]m-T-§fpw F³tUmÄ^m³ ]cn-Øn-Xn-sb-bpw, Bhmk hyh-Ø-sb-bpw, kky-Po-h-Pm-e-§-sfbpw amc-I-ambn tcmKm-Xp-c-am-¡p¶ Hcp sImSpw-hn-j-am-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p.